Question 1

Q1: Fill in the blanks using the correct option given in the bracket: (i) Employment in the service sector ______ increased to the same extent as producti...

Accepted Answer

(i) Employment in the service sector has not increased to the same extent as production. (ii) Workers in the tertiary sector do not produce goods. (iii) Most of the workers in the organised sector enjoy job security. (iv) A large proportion of labourers in India are working in the unorganised sector...

Question 2

Q10: What do you understand by disguised unemployment? Explain with an example each from the urban and rural areas.

Accepted Answer

Disguised unemployment, also known as hidden unemployment, is a situation in which more people are engaged in an economic activity than are actually required. Even if some of these surplus workers are removed, the total production will not be affected. It is a situation of underemployment where peop...

Question 3

Q11: Distinguish between open unemployment and disguised unemployment.

Accepted Answer

Question 4

Q12: "Tertiary sector is not playing any significant role in the development of Indian economy." Do you agree? Give reasons in support of your answer.

Accepted Answer

I do not agree with the statement that the tertiary sector is not playing any significant role in the development of the Indian economy. In fact, it is playing the most significant role in terms of its contribution to national income and is a key driver of economic growth. Reasons to support this vi...

Question 5

Q13: Service sector in India employs two different kinds of people. Who are these?

Accepted Answer

The service sector in India employs two distinct kinds of people: 1.  Highly Skilled and Educated Workers: This group is small in number but earns high incomes. They are employed in services that require advanced education and professional skills. Examples include workers in the information technolo...

Question 6

Q14: Workers are exploited in the unorganised sector. Do you agree with this view? Give reasons in support of your answer.

Accepted Answer

Yes, I agree with the view that workers are exploited in the unorganised sector. This sector operates largely outside the control of the government, and labour laws are not effectively implemented, which leads to the exploitation of workers. Reasons to support this view: 1.  Low and Irregular Wages:...

Question 7

Q15: How are the activities in the economy classified on the basis of employment conditions?

Accepted Answer

On the basis of employment conditions, economic activities are classified into two sectors: 1.  Organised Sector: This sector includes enterprises or places of work where the terms of employment are regular and people have assured work. These enterprises are registered by the government and are requ...

Question 8

Q16: Compare the employment conditions prevailing in the organised and unorganised sectors.

Accepted Answer

Question 9

Q17: Explain the objective of implementing the MGNREGA 2005.

Accepted Answer

The primary objective of implementing the Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act 2005 (MGNREGA 2005) is to enhance the livelihood security of people in rural areas. This is achieved by legally guaranteeing at least 100 days of wage employment in a financial year to every rural househ...

Question 10

Q18: Using examples from your area compare and contrast that activities and functions of private and public sectors.

Accepted Answer

Let's compare and contrast the public and private sectors using examples from a typical area. Examples:    Public Sector: Government Senior Secondary School, State Bank of India (SBI) branch, Post Office, State Roadways Bus Service.    Private Sector: A local private school (e.g., DPS), HDFC Bank br...

Question 11

Q19: Discuss and fill the following table giving one example each from your area. |                     | Well managed organisation | Badly managed organis...

Accepted Answer

This table is based on observations from a typical area. The examples can vary from place to place. |                     | Well managed organisation                                                                                                                              | Badly managed organisat...

Question 12

Q2: Choose the most appropriate answer. (a) The sectors are classified into public and private sector on the basis of: (i) employment conditions (ii) the...

Accepted Answer

(a) (iii) ownership of enterprises (b) (i) primary (c) (ii) all final goods and services (d) (iii) 50 to 60 (As per Graph 2 in the chapter, the share of the tertiary sector in GVA for 2017-18 is shown to be more than 50% but less than 60%.)

Question 13

Q20: Give a few examples of public sector activities and explain why the government has taken them up.

Accepted Answer

Here are a few examples of public sector activities and the reasons why the government has undertaken them: 1.  Railways, Roads, and Bridges: The government undertakes the construction and maintenance of infrastructure like railways, roads, and bridges. This is because these projects require a massi...

Question 14

Q21: Explain how public sector contributes to the economic development of a nation.

Accepted Answer

The public sector contributes significantly to the economic development of a nation in the following ways: 1.  Creation of Basic Infrastructure: The public sector builds and manages essential infrastructure such as roads, railways, ports, power plants, and irrigation dams. This infrastructure is cru...

Question 15

Q22: The workers in the unorganised sector need protection on the following issues : wages, safety and health. Explain with examples.

Accepted Answer

Workers in the unorganised sector are highly vulnerable and need protection on the issues of wages, safety, and health. 1.  Wages:        Problem: Workers in the unorganised sector are often paid very low wages, which are not regular and are frequently below the legal minimum wage. They are exploite...

Question 16

Q23: A study in Ahmedabad found that out of 15,00,000 workers in the city, 11,00,000 worked in the unorganised sector. The total income of the city in this...

Accepted Answer

Data Presentation in a Table: First, we calculate the missing figures: - Number of workers in the organised sector = Total workers - Unorganised sector workers   = $15,00,000 - 11,00,000 = 4,00,000$ - Income generated in the unorganised sector = Total income - Organised sector income   = Rs 60,000 m...

Question 17

Q24: The following table gives the GVA in Rupees (Crores) by the three sectors: | Year | Primary     | Secondary   | Tertiary    | |------|-------------|--...

Accepted Answer

(i) Calculation of the share of the three sectors in GVA: For the year 2000: - Total GVA = Primary + Secondary + Tertiary   = $12,56,000 + 10,12,000 + 18,17,000 = 40,85,000$ Crores - Share of Primary Sector = $(\frac{12,56,000}{40,85,000}) 	imes 100 \approx 30.7\%$ - Share of Secondary Sector = $(\...

Question 18

Q3: Match the following: Problems faced by farming sector 1. Unirrigated land 2. Low prices for crops 3. Debt burden 4. No job in the off season 5. Compel...

Accepted Answer

The correct matches are as follows: 1. Unirrigated land - (d) Construction of canals by the government 2. Low prices for crops - (c) Procurement of food grains by government 3. Debt burden - (e) Banks to provide credit with low interest 4. No job in the off season - (a) Setting up agro-based mills 5...

Question 19

Q4: Find the odd one out and say why. (i) Tourist guide, dhobi, tailor, potter (ii) Teacher, doctor, vegetable vendor, lawyer (iii) Postman, cobbler, sold...

Accepted Answer

(i) Potter. The potter is the odd one out because pottery is a manufacturing activity that falls under the secondary sector. Tourist guide, dhobi (washerman), and tailor provide services and belong to the tertiary sector. (ii) Vegetable vendor. The vegetable vendor is the odd one out. While all are...

Question 20

Q5: A research scholar looked at the working people in the city of Surat and found the following. | Place of work...

Accepted Answer

First, we complete the table based on the definitions of organised and unorganised sectors. - 'Own shops, office, clinics in marketplaces with formal license' are part of the Organised sector as they are formally licensed and likely registered. - 'People working on the street, construction workers,...

Place of work	Nature of employment	Percentage of working people
In offices and factories registered with the government	Organised	15
Own shops, office, clinics in marketplaces with formal license		15
People working on the street, construction workers, domestic workers		20
Working in small workshops usually not registered with the government

Year	Primary	Secondary	Tertiary
2000	12,56,000	10,12,000	18,17,000
2013	17,87,000	24,59,000	46,30,000

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