Question 1

Q1: Classify the following into two groups on the basis of bulk and weight of raw material and finished goods. (i) Oil (ii) Knitting needles (iii) Brasswa...

Accepted Answer

The items can be classified into heavy and light industries as follows: Heavy Industries: These industries use heavy raw materials and produce heavy finished goods. - (vii) Shipbuilding - (x) Automobiles - (i) Oil (The refining process involves large, bulky quantities of crude oil and heavy machiner...

Question 2

Q2: Give one word for each of the following with regard to industry. The number of letters in each word are hinted in brackets. (i) Used to drive machiner...

Accepted Answer

(i) POWER (ii) WORKER (iii) MARKET (iv) RETAILER (v) PRODUCT (vi) MANUFACTURE (vii) POLLUTION

Question 3

Q3: Solve the puzzle by following your search horizontally and vertically to find the hidden answers. 1. Textiles, sugar, vegetable oil and plantation ind...

Accepted Answer

1. AGROBASED INDUSTRIES (Note: This term is the correct answer based on the chapter content but is not found in the provided puzzle grid.) 2. SUGARCANE (Found horizontally in the 3rd row of the grid.) 3. JUTE (Note: Jute is known as the 'Golden Fibre'. However, this word is not found in the provided...

Question 4

Q1: (i) How do industries pollute the environment?

Accepted Answer

Industries pollute the environment in four main ways: 1.  Air Pollution: Industries release high proportions of undesirable gases like sulphur dioxide ($SO_2$) and carbon monoxide ($CO$). Smoke, dust, and other particulate matter emitted from chemical plants, refineries, and the burning of fossil fu...

Question 5

Q2: (ii) Discuss the steps to be taken to minimise environmental degradation by industry?

Accepted Answer

Several steps can be taken to minimise environmental degradation caused by industries: 1.  Minimising Water Pollution: Water use should be minimized by reusing and recycling it in two or more successive stages. Rainwater harvesting can supplement water requirements. Most importantly, industrial effl...

Question 6

Q1: (i) Which one of the following industries uses bauxite as a raw material?

Accepted Answer

Correct Answer: (a) Aluminium Smelting Explanation: The source text states, "Bauxite, the raw material used in the smelters is a very bulky, dark reddish coloured rock." This directly links bauxite to the aluminium smelting industry.

Question 7

Q2: (ii) Which one of the following industries manufactures telephones, computer, etc.

Accepted Answer

Correct Answer: (b) Electronic Explanation: According to the chapter, "The electronics industry covers a wide range of products from transistor sets to television, telephones, cellular telecom, telephone exchange, radars, computers and many other equipments required by the telecommunication industry...

Question 8

Q1: Select one agro-based and one mineral-based industry in your area. (i) What are the raw materials they use? (ii) What are the other inputs in the proc...

Accepted Answer

This is a project-based activity, and the answer will vary depending on the student's location. A sample answer is provided below as a guideline. 1. Agro-based Industry: A Sugar Mill (i) Raw Materials: The primary raw material is sugarcane. Other materials include lime and sulphur dioxide for juice...

Question 9

Q1: (i) What is manufacturing?

Accepted Answer

Manufacturing is the production of goods in large quantities after processing raw materials into more valuable products. For example, paper is manufactured from wood, and sugar is manufactured from sugarcane.

Question 10

Q2: (ii) What are basic industries? Give an example.

Accepted Answer

Basic or key industries are those that supply their products as raw materials for other industries to manufacture goods. For example, the iron and steel industry is a basic industry because steel is used to make machinery for various other industries.

NCERT Solutions