Minerals And Energy ResourcesClass 10 Geography NCERT Solutions
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Solution 1 of 11
Q11. Multiple choice questions.
(i) Which one of the following minerals is formed by decomposition of rocks, leaving a residual mass of weathered material?
(a)
coal
(b)
bauxite
(c)
gold
(d)
zinc
Solution
Answer: (b) bauxite
Explanation: The source material states that one mode of mineral formation involves the decomposition of surface rocks and the removal of soluble constituents, which leaves a residual mass of weathered material containing ores. It explicitly mentions, "Bauxite is formed this way."
Q21. Multiple choice questions.
(ii) Koderma, in Jharkhand is the leading producer of which one of the following minerals?
(a)
bauxite
(b)
mica
(c)
iron ore
(d)
copper
Solution
Answer: (b) mica
Explanation: The text specifies that mica deposits are found on the northern edge of the Chota Nagpur plateau and identifies the "Koderma Gaya - Hazaribagh belt of Jharkhand" as the leading producer of mica.
Q31. Multiple choice questions.
(iii) Minerals are deposited and accumulated in the stratas of which of the following rocks?
(a)
sedimentary rocks
(b)
metamorphic rocks
(c)
igneous rocks
(d)
none of the above
Solution
Answer: (a) sedimentary rocks
Explanation: According to the chapter, in sedimentary rocks, a number of minerals occur in beds or layers. These minerals have been formed as a result of deposition, accumulation, and concentration in horizontal strata.
Q41. Multiple choice questions.
(iv) Which one of the following minerals is contained in the Monazite sand?
(a)
oil
(b)
uranium
(c)
thorium
(d)
coal
Solution
Answer: (c) thorium
Explanation: In the section on Nuclear or Atomic Energy, the text mentions that Uranium and Thorium are used for generating atomic power. It further states, "The Monazite sands of Kerala is also rich in Thorium."
Q12. Answer the following questions in about 30 words.
(i) Distinguish between the following in not more than 30 words.
(a)
ferrous and non-ferrous minerals
(b)
conventional and non-conventional sources of energy
Solution
(a) Ferrous and non-ferrous minerals:
Ferrous minerals contain iron, form the base for metallurgical industries, and account for about three-fourths of the total value of metallic mineral production. Examples are iron ore and manganese. Non-ferrous minerals do not contain iron, and include copper, bauxite, lead, and gold.
(b) Conventional and non-conventional sources of energy:
Conventional sources of energy, like coal, petroleum, and firewood, are generally non-renewable (except hydel power) and have been in common use for a long time. Non-conventional sources, such as solar, wind, and tidal energy, are typically renewable, less polluting, and are more recently developed alternatives.
Q22. Answer the following questions in about 30 words.
(ii) What is a mineral?
Solution
According to geologists, a mineral is a "homogenous, naturally occurring substance with a definable internal structure." Minerals are found in varied forms in nature, from the hardest diamond to the softest talc, and are the constituent substances of rocks.
Q32. Answer the following questions in about 30 words.
(iii) How are minerals formed in igneous and metamorphic rocks?
Solution
In igneous and metamorphic rocks, minerals are formed when they are in liquid, molten, or gaseous forms and are forced upward through cavities like cracks, crevices, faults, or joints. As they rise towards the earth's surface, they cool and solidify, forming veins (smaller occurrences) or lodes (larger occurrences).
Q42. Answer the following questions in about 30 words.
(iv) Why do we need to conserve mineral resources ?
Solution
We need to conserve mineral resources because they are finite and non-renewable. The geological processes of mineral formation are extremely slow. Continued extraction of these resources at a fast rate will lead to their depletion, and future generations will be deprived of them. Conservation ensures a sustainable use of these valuable resources.
Q13. Answer the following questions in about 120 words.
(i) Describe the distribution of coal in India.
Solution
In India, coal occurs in rock series of two main geological ages: Gondwana and Tertiary.
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Gondwana Coal: These deposits are over 200 million years old and contain metallurgical coal. The major resources are located in the Damodar valley in West Bengal and Jharkhand, with Jharia, Raniganj, and Bokaro being important coalfields. Other significant deposits are found in the Godavari, Mahanadi, Son, and Wardha valleys.
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Tertiary Coal: These deposits are much younger, about 55 million years old. They are primarily found in the northeastern states of Meghalaya, Assam, Arunachal Pradesh, and Nagaland.
Coal is a bulky material, and as it is reduced to ash upon use, heavy industries and thermal power stations are often located near these coalfields to minimize transportation costs.
Q23. Answer the following questions in about 120 words.
(ii) Why do you think that solar energy has a bright future in India?
Solution
Solar energy has a bright future in India for several compelling reasons based on the country's geographical advantages and economic needs.
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Abundant Sunlight: India is a tropical country and is blessed with an abundance of sunlight throughout the year. This provides enormous potential for tapping solar energy effectively.
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Environmental Conservation: Increased use of solar energy can minimize the dependence of rural households on firewood and dung cakes. This helps in conserving our forests and allows valuable cattle dung to be used as manure, improving agricultural productivity.
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Energy Security: The growing consumption of energy has made India increasingly dependent on fossil fuels like coal, oil, and gas. Rising prices and potential shortages of these fuels create economic uncertainty. Solar energy, being a renewable resource, provides a sustainable and secure energy alternative.
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Reduced Pollution: Unlike fossil fuels, solar energy generation does not cause environmental pollution. This is crucial for a developing country like India facing challenges with air and water quality.
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Decentralized Power: Solar energy is becoming increasingly popular in rural and remote areas, providing a viable solution for powering communities that are not connected to the main power grid. Photovoltaic technology converts sunlight directly into electricity, making it suitable for various local applications.
Q1Activity
Fill the name of the correct mineral in the crossword below: Across A ferrous mineral (9) Raw material for cement industry (9) Finest iron ore with magnetic properties (9) Highest quality hard coal (10) Aluminium is obtained from this ore (7) Khetri mines are famous for this mineral (6) Formed due to evaporation (6) Down Found in placer deposit (4) Iron ore mined in Bailadila (8) Indispensable for electrical industry (4) Geological Age of coal found in north east India (8) Formed in veins and lodes (3)
Solution
Across
- MANGANESE
- LIMESTONE
- MAGNETITE
- ANTHRACITE
- BAUXITE
- COPPER
- GYPSUM
Down
- GOLD
- HEMATITE
- MICA
- TERTIARY
- TIN