Question 1

Q1: (i) Which one of the following is suitable for Koeppen's "A" type of climate? (a) High rainfall in all the months (b) Mean monthly temperature of the...

Accepted Answer

(c) Mean monthly temperature of all the months more than 18°C According to Koeppen's classification as described in Table 11.1, the 'A - Tropical' climate group is characterized by an average temperature of the coldest month being 18°C or higher. This implies that the mean temperature for all months...

Question 2

Q2: (ii) Koeppen's system of classification of climates can be termed as : (a) Applied (b) Systematic (c) Genetic (d) Empirical

Accepted Answer

(d) Empirical The source material explicitly states, "The most widely used classification of climate is the empirical climate classification scheme developed by V. Koeppen." It further clarifies that this classification is based on observed data, particularly mean annual and monthly temperature and...

Question 3

Q3: (iii) Most of the Indian Peninsula will be grouped according to Koeppen's system under: (a) "Af" (b) "BSh" (c) "Cfb" (d) "Am"

Accepted Answer

(d) "Am" The text specifies the location for the Tropical Monsoon Climate (Am) by stating, "Tropical monsoon climate (Am) is found over the Indian sub-continent, North Eastern part of South America and Northern Australia."

Question 4

Q4: (iv) Which one of the following years is supposed to have recorded the warmest temperature the world over? (a) 1990 (b) 1998 (c) 1885 (d) 1950

Accepted Answer

(b) 1998 As mentioned in the section 'Climate in the recent past', the text highlights that "The year 1998 was the warmest year, probably not only for the 20th century but also for the whole millennium."

Question 5

Q5: (v) Which one of the following groups of four climates represents humid conditions? (a) A-B-C-E (b) A-C-D-E (c) B-C-D-E (d) A-C-D-F

Accepted Answer

(b) A-C-D-E The text states, "The capital letters : A,C, D and E delineate humid climates and B dry climates." Therefore, the group representing humid conditions is A, C, D, and E.

Question 6

Q1: (i) Which two climatic variables are used by Koeppen for classification of the climate?

Accepted Answer

Koeppen's classification of climate is an empirical scheme based on two primary climatic variables: temperature and precipitation. He used mean annual and mean monthly data of these two variables to define climatic groups and types.

Question 7

Q2: (ii) How is the "genetic" system of classification different from the "empirical one"?

Accepted Answer

The genetic system of classification is different from the empirical one because it focuses on the causes of climate. Genetic classification attempts to organize climates according to their origins, whereas empirical classification is based on observed data and statistics, such as temperature and pr...

Question 8

Q3: (iii) Which types of climates have very low range of temperature?

Accepted Answer

The Tropical Wet Climate (Af) has a very low range of temperature, with the text stating its annual range is negligible. The Marine West Coast Climate (Cfb) also has a small annual and daily temperature range due to significant marine influence.

Question 9

Q4: (iv) What type of climatic conditions would prevail if the sun spots increase?

Accepted Answer

According to the text, some meteorologists suggest that an increase in the number of sunspots is associated with changes in climatic conditions. It is believed that when sunspot numbers increase, cooler and wetter weather and greater storminess occur.

Question 10

Q1: (i) Make a comparison of the climatic conditions between the "A" and "B" types of climate.

Accepted Answer

The 'A' (Tropical Humid) and 'B' (Dry) types of climate in Koeppen's classification represent fundamentally different environmental conditions, primarily distinguished by the availability of moisture. A - Tropical Humid Climates:    Defining Characteristic: These are temperature-based climates, defi...

Question 11

Q2: (ii) What type of vegetation would you find in the "C" and "A" type(s) of climate?

Accepted Answer

The type of vegetation found in 'A' and 'C' climates is closely related to their temperature and precipitation characteristics, as identified by Koeppen. A - Tropical Humid Climates: The consistently high temperatures and abundant rainfall in 'A' type climates support dense and diverse vegetation. T...

Question 12

Q3: (iii) What do you understand by the term "Greenhouse Gases"? Make a list of greenhouse gases.

Accepted Answer

The term "Greenhouse Gases" refers to specific gases in the atmosphere that contribute to the greenhouse effect, which is the process that warms the Earth's surface. The atmosphere is transparent to incoming short-wave solar radiation, allowing it to reach and warm the Earth. However, it absorbs the...

Question 13

Q1: Collect information about Kyoto declaration related to global climate changes.

Accepted Answer

Based on the information provided in the chapter, the Kyoto Protocol is a significant international effort initiated to reduce the emission of greenhouse gases (GHGs) into the atmosphere and address global warming. Key points about the Kyoto Protocol mentioned in the text are:    Proclamation: It wa...

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