Adventure SportsClass 11 Health And Physical Education NCERT Solutions
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Q1I. Long Answer Questions
Write down the use of Variometer in paragliding.
Solution
A Variometer is a key instrument used in paragliding. Its primary functions are to assist the pilot in gaining and maintaining altitude and to provide crucial information about the surrounding air currents.
Based on the chapter, the main uses of a Variometer are:
- Finding Thermals: Its most important purpose is to help a pilot locate and stay within the 'core' of a thermal (a column of rising air). By doing so, the pilot can maximize height gain, which is essential for long-duration flights.
- Indicating Air Movement: The instrument indicates whether the pilot is in rising air (lift) or sinking air. This information helps the pilot make decisions to find better air currents.
- Audio and Visual Feedback: It provides feedback through audio signals and a visual display. The beeps increase in pitch and tempo during ascent, indicating rising air. A droning sound that gets deeper signifies an increasing rate of descent. This allows the pilot to understand the air movement without constantly looking at the instrument.
- Altitude Information: A variometer also displays the pilot's altitude. This can be shown as height above the takeoff point, height above sea level, or as a flight level at higher altitudes.
Q2I. Long Answer Questions
Explain 'tow- surfing'.
Solution
Tow-surfing is a specific type of surfing that is most often associated with big wave surfing. It involves the use of a motorised water vehicle, such as a personal watercraft, to tow the surfer into a wave.
The primary purpose of tow-surfing is to help the surfer match the speed of a large wave. Large waves generally move at a higher speed than a surfer can generate by paddling on their own (self-propelled). The watercraft tows the surfer using a rope, allowing them to get onto the wave front with enough speed to catch and ride it. This technique makes it possible for surfers to ride exceptionally large and fast-moving waves that would otherwise be impossible to catch through traditional paddling methods.
Q3I. Long Answer Questions
Discuss the safety measures to keep in mind during paragliding.
Solution
Paragliding is a high-risk adventure sport, and therefore, following strict safety measures is crucial. The key safety measures to be observed during paragliding are:
- Certification and Skill: A paraglider pilot must be certified and highly skillful before undertaking the sport. Proper training is essential.
- Safety Instruments: Before any flight, a pilot should ensure they have all necessary safety instruments. This includes a Variometer (to detect air currents), a Global Positioning System (GPS) for navigation and location tracking, and a Radio for communication.
- Protective Equipment: During practice and flights, the pilot must wear proper safety equipment. This includes a helmet, knee guards, chest guards, and other protective gear to minimize injury in case of an accident.
- Proper Assistance: Gliding should not be performed without proper assistance from licensed and experienced personnel, especially for beginners.
- Equipment Inspection: Paragliders must regularly inspect their equipment. This includes checking the paraglide brakes, suspension lines, and other necessary components to ensure they are in safe working condition.
- Sufficient Practice: Before attempting long-route paragliding, a pilot should have done enough practice to be comfortable and competent in handling the glider in various conditions.
- Fitness Standards: Maintaining a high level of physical and mental fitness is a key safety factor. Good fitness helps in managing the physical demands of the sport and allows for quick and clear decision-making during unexpected or untoward situations.
Q4I. Long Answer Questions
Briefly explain Sea beds and Rip Currents.
Solution
Seabeds and rip currents are two significant dangers that surfers must be aware of to ensure their safety in the ocean.
Seabed:
The seabed, which is the bottom of the sea, can pose a serious threat to surfers. When a surfer falls off their board, the force of the wave can toss and tumble them around, often pushing them downwards towards the seabed. This is particularly dangerous at reef breaks and beach breaks where the water can be very shallow, especially during low tide. A violent collision with the seabed can cause serious injuries and has even been fatal in some cases.
Rip Currents:
Rip currents are strong, narrow channels of water that flow away from the shore and out to sea. They can be dangerous for both experienced and inexperienced surfers. A rip current often appears as a calm or flat area of water, which might seem inviting to a tired surfer or swimmer. If someone enters a rip current, they can be quickly carried out beyond the breaking waves. While many are small, the largest rip currents can be forty to fifty feet wide. The correct way to escape a rip current is not to paddle against it towards the shore, but to paddle parallel to the shore to exit the channel of flowing water.
Q5I. Long Answer Questions
How does Global Positioning System work?
Solution
The provided text explains the use and function of a Global Positioning System (GPS) in the context of paragliding, rather than its technical working principles. In paragliding, a GPS is a necessary accessory, especially during competitions, and it works by providing the pilot with critical location-based information.
Its functions in paragliding are as follows:
- Flight Analysis: A GPS records the track of a flight. This recorded data can be used later to analyse the pilot's flying technique or can be shared with other pilots.
- Navigation and Wind Drift: When flying at altitude, the GPS helps to determine the pilot's drift due to the prevailing wind. It provides precise position information, which is crucial for navigation.
- Avoiding Restricted Airspace: By showing the pilot's exact location on a map, the GPS helps them to avoid flying into restricted airspace, such as areas near airports.
- Retrieval and Safety: If a pilot lands in an unfamiliar area or away from the intended destination (landing out), the GPS helps in identifying their exact location. This information is vital for retrieval teams to find and pick them up.
Q1II. Short Answer Questions
Name the person who invented paragliding.
Solution
The text credits Canadian Domina C. Jalbert with key inventions that led to modern paragliding. He invented advanced governable gliding parachutes in 1954 and invented and patented the parafoil in 1963.
Q2II. Short Answer Questions
Name the two flying techniques in paragliding.
Solution
The two flying (launching) techniques used in paragliding are:
- Forward launch
- Reverse launch
Q3II. Short Answer Questions
Classify the categories of adventure sports.
Solution
Adventure sports are classified into three main categories:
- Adventure water sports
- Adventure land sports
- Adventure air sports
Q4II. Short Answer Questions
In which year, the first world championship for surfing was held?
Solution
The provided text does not mention when the first world championship for surfing was held. It states that professional surfing contests started in the year 1975.
Q5II. Short Answer Questions
What are the different types of surfing?
Solution
The different types of surfing mentioned in the chapter are:
- Stand-up Surfing: Riding a wave standing up on a surfboard.
- Body Surfing or Body Boarding: Riding a wave on a bodyboard, lying on the belly or in a drop-knee position.
- Surf Matting: Surfing on inflatable mats.
- Tow-surfing: Using a motorised water vehicle to be towed into a large wave.