Tournaments and CompetitionsClass 11 Health And Physical Education NCERT Solutions
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Q1I. Long Answer Questions
Draw a fixture for Single Knock-out Tournament with 11 teams.
Solution
To draw a fixture for 11 teams in a Single Knock-out Tournament, we first need to calculate the number of teams in each half, the number of byes, and the total number of matches.
Calculations:
- Total Number of Teams (N) = 11
- Next highest power of two = 16
- Total Number of Matches = N - 1 = 11 - 1 = 10
- Total Number of Byes (Nb) = 16 - 11 = 5
- Number of Teams in Upper Half = (N + 1) / 2 = (11 + 1) / 2 = 6 teams
- Number of Teams in Lower Half = (N - 1) / 2 = (11 - 1) / 2 = 5 teams
- Number of Byes in Upper Half = (Nb - 1) / 2 = (5 - 1) / 2 = 2 byes
- Number of Byes in Lower Half = (Nb + 1) / 2 = (5 + 1) / 2 = 3 byes
Procedure for giving byes:
- 1st Bye: Last team of the lower half (Team 11)
- 2nd Bye: First team of the upper half (Team 1)
- 3rd Bye: First team of the lower half (Team 7)
- 4th Bye: Last team of the upper half (Team 6)
- 5th Bye: Team immediately above the first bye (Team 10)
Fixture:
UPPER HALF
Round I
- Team 1 (Bye)
- Team 2 vs Team 3 (Match 1)
- Team 4 vs Team 5 (Match 2)
- Team 6 (Bye)
LOWER HALF
- Team 7 (Bye)
- Team 8 vs Team 9 (Match 3)
- Team 10 (Bye)
- Team 11 (Bye)
Round II
UPPER HALF
- Team 1 vs Winner of Match 1
- Winner of Match 2 vs Team 6
LOWER HALF
- Team 7 vs Winner of Match 3
- Team 10 vs Team 11
Round III (Semi-Finals)
- Winner of Upper Half (Round II) vs Winner of Upper Half (Round II)
- Winner of Lower Half (Round II) vs Winner of Lower Half (Round II)
Round IV (Final)
- Winner of Semi-Final 1 vs Winner of Semi-Final 2
Q2I. Long Answer Questions
Draw a fixture of 5 teams for Single League Tournament using Tabular Method.
Solution
In the Tabular Method for a single league tournament with an odd number of teams (N=5), the number of columns and rows will be N+2 (i.e., 5 teams + Bye + one header row/column).
Calculations:
- Number of Teams (N) = 5
- Number of Matches = N(N-1)/2 = 5(4)/2 = 10
- Number of Rounds = N = 5
Fixture Table:
| A | B | C | D | E | Bye | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| A | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | |
| B | 3 | 4 | 5 | 2 | ||
| C | 5 | 1 | 4 | |||
| D | 2 | 3 | ||||
| E | 1 | |||||
| Bye |
Matches per Round:
- Round I: A vs B, C vs E, D gets a Bye.
- Round II: A vs C, B vs Bye, D vs E.
- Round III: A vs D, B vs C, E gets a Bye.
- Round IV: A vs E, B vs D, C gets a Bye.
- Round V: A vs Bye, B vs E, C vs D.
Q3I. Long Answer Questions
Draw a fixture of Single League Tournament with 7 teams using Cyclic Method.
Solution
For a single league tournament with 7 teams (an odd number), we will have 7 rounds. In the Cyclic Method, one position (Bye) is fixed, and the other numbers (teams) rotate clockwise for each round.
Calculations:
- Number of Teams (N) = 7
- Number of Rounds = N = 7
- Number of Matches = N(N-1)/2 = 7(6)/2 = 21
Fixture:
-
Round I
- 7 vs 1
- 6 vs 2
- 5 vs 3
- 4 gets a Bye
-
Round II
- 6 vs 1
- 5 vs 7
- 4 vs 2
- 3 gets a Bye
-
Round III
- 5 vs 1
- 4 vs 6
- 3 vs 7
- 2 gets a Bye
-
Round IV
- 4 vs 1
- 3 vs 5
- 2 vs 6
- 7 gets a Bye
-
Round V
- 3 vs 1
- 2 vs 4
- 7 vs 5
- 6 gets a Bye
-
Round VI
- 2 vs 1
- 7 vs 3
- 6 vs 4
- 5 gets a Bye
-
Round VII
- 1 vs 7
- 6 vs 5
- 4 vs 3
- 2 gets a Bye
Q4I. Long Answer Questions
Write the merits and demerits of Single League Tournament.
Solution
A Single League or Round Robin tournament is one where each team plays once with every other team. Based on the chapter, its merits and demerits are as follows:
Merits:
- Decides the True Winner: Since every team plays against every other team, the final winner is determined after a comprehensive competition, minimizing the role of chance.
- More Matches: Teams get to play a greater number of matches, providing more opportunities for players to display their skills and gain experience.
- Helps in Ranking: The point system allows for a clear ranking of all participating teams from first to last, not just the winner.
- No Waiting Period: Teams do not have to wait for the completion of other matches or rounds to know their next opponent, as the schedule is fixed in advance.
Demerits:
- Time and Facility Intensive: This type of tournament requires a lot of time to complete, especially with a large number of teams. It also demands more playfields and other facilities.
- Loss of Interest: Teams that are defeated often in the initial stages might lose interest and motivation to compete in their remaining matches.
Q5I. Long Answer Questions
Draw a fixture for Single League Tournament with 6 teams using Staircase Method.
Solution
The Staircase Method is a way to draw fixtures for a league tournament where matches are arranged in a staircase-like pattern. For 6 teams, the fixture would be as follows:
Calculations:
- Number of Teams (N) = 6
- Number of Matches = N(N-1)/2 = 6(5)/2 = 15
Fixture using Staircase Method:
- 1 vs 2
- 1 vs 3, 2 vs 3
- 1 vs 4, 2 vs 4, 3 vs 4
- 1 vs 5, 2 vs 5, 3 vs 5, 4 vs 5
- 1 vs 6, 2 vs 6, 3 vs 6, 4 vs 6, 5 vs 6
This method clearly lists all possible pairings but does not specify the rounds in which the matches are to be played.
Q6I. Long Answer Questions
List and explain different types of competitions that are being organised at International level.
Solution
Various sports competitions are organized at the international level to promote friendship and sportsmanship among nations. The key competitions mentioned in the chapter are:
-
Olympic Games: These are the foremost international sporting events. They are divided into:
- Ancient Olympic Games: Started in 776 B.C. and were held every four years until being terminated in 394 A.D.
- Modern Summer Olympic Games: Revived by Baron Pierre de Coubertin in 1896 in Athens. They are held every four years and are governed by the International Olympic Committee (IOC).
- Winter Olympic Games: Started in 1924 in Chamonix, France, for sports practiced on snow and ice.
-
Paralympic Games: These are international multi-sport events for athletes with disabilities (para-athletes). Started in Rome in 1960, they are held in conjunction with the Olympic Games and are governed by the International Paralympic Committee (IPC).
-
Commonwealth Games: A multi-sport event held every four years for athletes from the Commonwealth of Nations. Founded by Melville Marks Robinson, the first games were held in 1930 in Canada. They were previously known by names like the British Empire Games.
-
Asian Games (Asiad): A multi-sport event held every four years among athletes from all over Asia. The inaugural games were held in New Delhi, India, in 1951.
Q7I. Long Answer Questions
List and explain different types of competitions that are being organised in India.
Solution
Several types of sports competitions are organized at various levels within India to promote sports and identify talent. The major competitions discussed are:
-
National Games: These games were initially known as the Indian Olympic Games, starting in 1924 in Lahore and held every two years. In 1940, they were renamed the National Games. Since 1985, they have been organized on the lines of the Olympic Games to promote national-level competition among states and union territories.
-
National Championships: These are annual competitions conducted by the respective National Sports Associations and Federations for their specific sport. Championships are held for various categories, including mini, sub-junior, junior, youth, senior, and veteran, for both men and women.
-
Inter University Tournaments: Organized annually for students from various universities across India. The Sports Department of Indian Universities allocates tournaments to different universities. Competitions are held on an all-India or zonal basis, and only member universities of the association are eligible to participate.
-
SGFI Games: The School Games Federation of India (SGFI), formed in 1954, organizes these games to promote sports among school students. National School Games are held every year for boys and girls in different age groups (U-14, U-17, and U-19) across various sports.
Q8I. Long Answer Questions
Explain in detail about the Olympic and Paralympic Games.
Solution
Olympic Games
The Olympic Games are the world's premier international sporting event, held every four years. Their history is divided into two eras:
-
Ancient Olympic Games: The first recorded games were held in 776 B.C. in Olympia, Greece. They were held every four years and continued for over a millennium until they were abolished in 394 A.D. by the Roman Emperor Theodosius.
-
Modern Olympic Games: These games were revived by a French educator, Baron Pierre de Coubertin. The first Modern Olympic Games were held in Athens, Greece, in 1896. They are governed by the International Olympic Committee (IOC), which was formed in 1894. The Modern Games are also held every four years, with exceptions during the World Wars. India first participated in 1900 and has won numerous medals since, especially in hockey.
-
Winter Olympic Games: To accommodate sports that are practiced on snow and ice, the Winter Olympic Games were introduced. The first edition was held in Chamonix, France, in 1924.
Paralympic Games
The Paralympic Games are a major international multi-sport event involving athletes with a range of disabilities. These are considered the 'special Olympic Games' for para-athletes.
-
History and Purpose: The games started in Rome, Italy, in 1960. They are organized for athletes with physical, visual, and intellectual impairments. The purpose is to provide sports opportunities for people with disabilities, from beginner to elite levels.
-
Governance: The global governing body is the International Paralympic Committee (IPC), founded in 1989 and based in Bonn, Germany. The IPC organizes both the Summer and Winter Paralympic Games, which are held in the same host cities as the Olympic Games.
-
Indian Participation: India has performed commendably in the Paralympic Games. For instance, in the 2016 Rio Games, Indian athletes won 2 gold, 1 silver, and 1 bronze medal in events like High Jump, Javelin, and Shot Put.
Q1II. Short Answer Questions
What is a tournament?
Solution
A tournament is a competition held among different teams in a particular game or sport according to a fixed schedule where a winner is decided.
Q2II. Short Answer Questions
List different types of tournaments.
Solution
The different types of tournaments are:
- Knock-out or Elimination Tournament (Single, Consolation, Double)
- League or Round Robin Tournament (Single, Double)
- Combination Tournament (e.g., Knock-out cum League, League cum Knock-out)
- Challenge Tournament (Ladder, Pyramid)
Q3II. Short Answer Questions
What is the full form of the SGFI Games?
Solution
The full form of SGFI is School Games Federation of India.
Q4II. Short Answer Questions
What were the early National Games called?
Solution
The early National Games, which started in 1924, were called the Indian Olympic Games.
Q5II. Short Answer Questions
Where were the inaugural Asian Games held?
Solution
The inaugural Asian Games were held in New Delhi, India, in 1951.
Q6II. Short Answer Questions
Who was the founder of Commonwealth Games?
Solution
The founder of the Commonwealth Games was Melville Marks Robinson.
Q7II. Short Answer Questions
Where and when were the Winter Olympic Games started?
Solution
The Winter Olympic Games started in 1924 in Chamonix, France.
Q8II. Short Answer Questions
Who was the founder of Modern Olympic Games?
Solution
The founder of the Modern Olympic Games was Baron Pierre de Coubertin.
Q9II. Short Answer Questions
When were the first Ancient Olympic Games held?
Solution
The first Ancient Olympic Games were held in 776 B.C.
Q1III. Fill in the Blanks
Knock-out tournament is also termed as _____ .
Solution
Knock-out tournament is also termed as Elimination Tournament.
Q2III. Fill in the Blanks
In Single Knock-out tournament, total number of matches with 16 teams will be _____ .
Solution
In Single Knock-out tournament, total number of matches with 16 teams will be 15.
Q3III. Fill in the Blanks
Staircase Method is a type of _____ tournament.
Solution
Staircase Method is a type of Single League tournament.
Q4III. Fill in the Blanks
Number of byes in Single Elimination Tournament with 29 teams will be _____ .
Solution
Number of byes in Single Elimination Tournament with 29 teams will be 3.
Q5III. Fill in the Blanks
No. of byes in a Single Knock-out Tournament for 51 teams with special seeding for 4 teams will be _____ .
Solution
No. of byes in a Single Knock-out Tournament for 51 teams with special seeding for 4 teams will be 17.
Q6III. Fill in the Blanks
Olympic Games were started in _____ .
Solution
Olympic Games were started in 776 B.C..
Q7III. Fill in the Blanks
Paralympic Games were started in _____ .
Solution
Paralympic Games were started in 1960.
Q8III. Fill in the Blanks
Commonwealth games were founded by _____ .
Solution
Commonwealth games were founded by Melville Marks Robinson.
Q9III. Fill in the Blanks
National games in India are held at an interval of _____ years.
Solution
National games in India are held at an interval of two years.
Q10III. Fill in the Blanks
School games in India are organised by _____。
Solution
School games in India are organised by SGFI (School Games Federation of India)。
Q1IV. State whether True or False
There will be no byes in a Single Knock-out tournament having 32 teams.
Solution
True. (32 is a power of 2, so the number of byes is 32 - 32 = 0).
Q2IV. State whether True or False
League tournament is also termed as Round Robin Tournament.
Solution
True.
Q3IV. State whether True or False
Total number of matches in a Single League Tournament with 6 teams will be 15.
Solution
True. (The formula is N(N-1)/2, which is 6(5)/2 = 15).
Q4IV. State whether True or False
Number of matches in the first round in a Single Knock-out Tournament with 27 teams will be 12.
Solution
False. (Number of byes = 32 - 27 = 5. Teams playing in round 1 = 27 - 5 = 22. Number of matches = 22 / 2 = 11).
Q5IV. State whether True or False
Total number of matches in Double League Tournament with 7 teams will be 21.
Solution
False. (The formula for Double League is N(N-1), which is 7(6) = 42. A Single League tournament would have 21 matches).
Q6IV. State whether True or False
School games in India are organised by SGFI.
Solution
True.
Q7IV. State whether True or False
Abhinav Bindra won gold medal in Shooting in 2016 Reo de Janeiro (Brazil) Olympic Games.
Solution
False. (Abhinav Bindra won the gold medal in the 2008 Beijing Olympics).
Q8IV. State whether True or False
Sakshi Malik won Olympic medal in Wrestling.
Solution
True. (She won a bronze medal in wrestling at the 2016 Rio Olympics).
Q9IV. State whether True or False
Devendra Jhajharia won medal in Paralympic Games, Reo de Janeiro (Brazil), in Javelin event.
Solution
True. (He won a gold medal in the men's javelin event at the 2016 Rio Paralympics).