Structural Organisation in AnimalsClass 11 Biology NCERT Solutions
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Q1Exercises
Draw a neat diagram of digestive system of frog.
Solution
A neat, labeled diagram of the digestive system of a frog is shown in Figure 7.2 of the textbook.
The key components to be included in the diagram are:
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Alimentary Canal: This is a short tube starting from the mouth and ending at the cloaca. It includes the following parts in sequence:
- Mouth: The entry point for food.
- Buccal Cavity: The space inside the mouth.
- Pharynx: Connects the buccal cavity to the oesophagus.
- Oesophagus: A short tube leading to the stomach.
- Stomach: A J-shaped organ where partial digestion occurs.
- Intestine: Coiled tube consisting of the duodenum (first part) and ileum.
- Rectum: The last part of the large intestine, which stores undigested waste.
- Cloaca: A common chamber that receives faecal matter, urine, and reproductive cells before they are passed out of the body.
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Digestive Glands: These glands secrete enzymes that aid in digestion.
- Liver: A large gland that secretes bile.
- Gall Bladder: A small sac that stores bile from the liver.
- Pancreas: A gland located in the loop of the duodenum that produces pancreatic juice.
Diagrammatic Representation:
(The student should draw a diagram similar to Figure 7.2 from the textbook, showing the relative positions of the heart, lungs, fat bodies, liver, gall bladder, stomach, intestine, rectum, and urinary bladder, with clear labels for each part of the digestive system.)
Q2Exercises
Mention the function of the Ureters in frog.
Solution
The ureters are tubes that emerge from the kidneys and play a crucial role in the excretory and reproductive systems of the frog. Their function differs between males and females.
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In both Male and Female Frogs: The primary function of the ureters is to carry urine from the kidneys to the cloaca. The cloaca is the common chamber through which excretory wastes are expelled from the body.
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In Male Frogs: The ureters have a dual function. They act as a urinogenital duct. In addition to transporting urine from the kidneys, they also receive sperm from the testes (via the vasa efferentia and Bidder's canal) and transport it to the cloaca. Therefore, in males, the ureters are a common passage for both urine and sperm.
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In Female Frogs: The function of the ureters is purely excretory. They only carry urine from the kidneys to the cloaca. The oviducts, which carry eggs from the ovaries, open separately into the cloaca and are not connected to the ureters.