International OrganisationsClass 12 Contemporary World Politics NCERT Solutions
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Q1Questions
Mark correct or wrong against each of the following statements about the veto power. a. Only the permanent members of the Security Council possess the veto power. b. It's a kind of negative power. c. The Secretary-General uses this power when not satisfied with any decision. d. One veto can stall a Security Council resolution.
Solution
a. Correct. The text explicitly states that the veto power is held by the five permanent members of the Security Council (the United States, Russia, the United Kingdom, France, and China).
b. Correct. The veto is described as a "negative vote." It is the power to block a resolution from passing, rather than the power to pass one affirmatively.
c. Wrong. The veto power is exclusive to the five permanent members of the Security Council. The Secretary-General is the chief administrative officer of the UN and does not have the veto power.
d. Correct. The text explains that if any permanent member casts a negative vote (a veto), the decision is stalled, even if all other permanent and non-permanent members vote in favor of it.
Q2Questions
Mark correct or wrong against each of the following statements about the way the UN functions. a. All security and peace related issues are dealt with in the Security Council. b. Humanitarian policies are implemented by the main organs and specialised agencies spread across the globe. c. Having consensus among the five permanent members on security issues is vital for its implementation. d. The members of the General Assembly are automatically the members of all other principal organs and specialised agencies of the UN.
Solution
a. Correct. The text states that issues of war, peace, and differences between member states are discussed in the Security Council (as well as the General Assembly). The Security Council has the primary responsibility for maintaining international peace and security.
b. Correct. The chapter mentions that social and economic issues are dealt with by many specialized agencies, including the World Health Organisation (WHO), the United Nations High Commission for Refugees (UNHCR), and the United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF), which carry out humanitarian work globally.
c. Correct. Since any of the five permanent members (P5) can use their veto power to block a resolution, their agreement, or at least their decision not to veto, is essential for the Security Council to pass any substantive resolution on security issues.
d. Wrong. Membership in other UN organs is not automatic for members of the General Assembly. For instance, the Security Council has only 15 members (5 permanent and 10 non-permanent), and the Economic and Social Council has 54 members, all of whom are elected by the General Assembly for specific terms.
Q3Questions
Which among the following would give more weightage to India's proposal for permanent membership in the Security Council? a. Nuclear capability b. It has been a member of the UN since its inception c. It is located in Asia d. India's growing economic power and stable political system
Solution
d. India's growing economic power and stable political system.
According to the chapter, India's claim to a permanent seat is justified by several factors. The text highlights that "The country's economic emergence on the world stage is another factor that perhaps justifies India's claim to a permanent seat in the Security Council." Furthermore, it mentions that "India is also the world's largest democracy," which points to a stable political system. While other factors like being an original UN member are relevant, the combination of significant economic growth and a stable democratic system provides the strongest argument for its increased role in global governance.
Q4Questions
The UN agency concerned with the safety and peaceful use of nuclear technology is: a. The UN Committee on Disarmament b. International Atomic Energy Agency c. UN International Safeguard Committee d. None of the above
Solution
b. International Atomic Energy Agency
The chapter provides a specific description of the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA). It states that the IAEA "seeks to promote the peaceful use of nuclear energy and to prevent its use for military purposes." It also mentions that IAEA teams inspect nuclear facilities worldwide to ensure civilian reactors are not used for military purposes.
Q5Questions
WTO is serving as the successor to which of the following organisations a. General Agreement on Trade and Tariffs b. General Arrangement on Trade and Tariffs c. World Health Organisation d. UN Development Programme
Solution
a. General Agreement on Trade and Tariffs
The text explicitly states this in the section describing the World Trade Organisation (WTO). It says, "This organisation was set up in 1995 as the successor to the General Agreement on Trade and Tariffs (GATT) created after the Second World War."
Q6Questions
Fill in the blanks. a. The prime objective of the UN is ______ b. The highest functionary of the UN is called ______ c. The UN Security Council has ______ permanent and ______ non-permanent members. d. ______ is the present UN Secretary-General.
Solution
a. The prime objective of the UN is to prevent international conflict and to facilitate cooperation among states.
b. The highest functionary of the UN is called the Secretary-General.
c. The UN Security Council has five permanent and ten non-permanent members.
d. António Guterres is the present UN Secretary-General.
Q7Questions
Match the principal organs and agencies of the UN with their functions: Economic and Social Council International Court of Justice International Atomic Energy Agency Security Council UN High Commission for Refugees World Trade Organisation International Monetary Fund General Assembly World Health Organisation Secretariat
Solution
The functions for each organ and agency, based on the chapter content, are as follows:
- Economic and Social Council - Deals with social and economic issues and facilitates cooperation among states on these matters.
- International Court of Justice - Settles legal disputes between states (Principal judicial organ of the UN).
- International Atomic Energy Agency - Promotes the peaceful use of nuclear energy and prevents its use for military purposes.
- Security Council - Responsible for the maintenance of international peace and security.
- UN High Commission for Refugees - Deals with humanitarian issues, specifically protecting and assisting refugees.
- World Trade Organisation - Sets the rules for global trade.
- International Monetary Fund - Oversees financial institutions and regulations that act at the international level.
- General Assembly - The main deliberative body where all member states are represented and discuss global issues.
- World Health Organisation - Deals with international public health issues.
- Secretariat - The administrative arm of the UN, headed by the Secretary-General, which carries out the day-to-day work of the organisation.