Suggestions for Project WorkClass 12 Indian Society NCERT Solutions
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Q17.2 Possible themes and subjects for small RESEARCH PROJECTS
How much TV do different kind of people watch, and what are their preferred programmes?
Solution
According to the chapter, this research question is best investigated using the Survey Method, possibly in combination with Observation.
1. Survey Method:
- A survey involves creating a questionnaire with a fixed set of questions to be asked to a large number of people.
- To answer this question, the questionnaire would include questions about:
- The amount of time spent watching television daily or weekly.
- The specific channels and types of programmes preferred (e.g., news, serials, films, sports).
- Demographic details of the respondents, such as age, gender, social class, and occupation, to categorize them into 'different kinds of people'.
- The main advantage of the survey method, as stated in the chapter, is its ability to cover a large population, making the results representative.
2. Observation Method:
- The chapter suggests that observation can be used to supplement survey data. It allows the researcher to capture the difference between what people say they do and what they actually do.
- A researcher could observe a few households to see how many hours are actually spent watching television, providing a more accurate measure than self-reported data which may be influenced by what the respondent feels is an 'appropriate' amount.
Q27.2 Possible themes and subjects for small RESEARCH PROJECTS
How do different type of people respond to specific appliances?
Solution
The chapter suggests that the Interview Method is a suitable way to answer this question. This research would explore how different individuals feel about and use various household appliances.
Methodology:
- Selection of Respondents: The researcher would need to interview 'different types of people', which could include men and women, younger and older family members, and paid or unpaid domestic workers. This ensures a diverse range of perspectives.
- Interview Structure: The interviews could be structured, with a pre-determined set of questions, or unstructured, where the conversation flows more freely around the topic of household appliances. An unstructured approach allows the researcher to follow up on interesting responses.
- Focus of Inquiry: The interview would aim to understand:
- How different individuals feel about specific appliances (e.g., mixie, washing machine, pressure cooker).
- Whether they feel these devices have made work easier.
- How the introduction of these appliances has changed the division of labour within the household.
- Advantages: As the chapter notes, the interview method is flexible. It allows the researcher to probe for deeper insights, seek clarifications, and get a detailed version of the respondents' stories and attitudes, which is ideal for understanding subjective 'responses' to technology.
Q37.2 Possible themes and subjects for small RESEARCH PROJECTS
Do people of different social classes, groups have different views on use of space?
Solution
To investigate whether different social classes have varying views on the use of public space, the chapter suggests a combination of the Interview Method and the Observation Method.
1. Interview Method:
- The researcher would conduct interviews with people from different social classes (e.g., the poor, middle classes, affluent people).
- The questions would focus on their feelings and opinions about the use of specific public spaces, such as parks, roadsides, or empty plots.
- The interviews would explore what kind of a resource these spaces represent for each group and their views on activities like street vending, public gatherings, or habitation by the homeless.
2. Observation Method:
- The chapter highlights that observation is a powerful tool for this topic. A researcher would systematically watch and record how a particular public space is used by different groups.
- This method can reveal patterns that interviews might not. For example, the chapter points out that it is significant if a particular class of people is never seen in a specific space. This absence is a crucial piece of data.
- By observing who uses the space, for what purpose, and at what times, the researcher can gather evidence that either supports or contradicts the views expressed in interviews.
Combining these methods provides a comprehensive understanding by comparing what people say about public space with how it is actually used.
Q47.2 Possible themes and subjects for small RESEARCH PROJECTS
What do people feel about the decline of letter writing after the coming of phones?
Solution
The chapter recommends using the Interview Method to explore people's feelings about the decline of letter writing due to the rise of phones.
Methodology:
- Approach: This topic requires understanding personal feelings, memories, and opinions, making in-depth interviews the ideal method. It involves talking to a relatively small number of people to get detailed accounts.
- Interview Style: The interviews would likely be unstructured or semi-structured. The researcher would have a list of topics to cover but would allow the conversation to develop naturally, asking follow-up questions to explore interesting points.
- Researcher's Stance: The chapter provides a critical piece of advice for this topic: "Try not to pre-judge the issue." The researcher should not start with an assumption (e.g., 'it is so sad that letter writing has declined'). The goal is to ask open-ended questions and listen to the respondents' perspectives without imposing one's own biases. The aim is to find out what people genuinely feel, which may be positive, negative, or neutral.
- Advantages: The flexibility of the interview method allows the researcher to capture the nuances of individual experiences and feelings about this technological and social shift, providing rich, qualitative data.