Class 12
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Chemistry
Aldehydes, Ketones and Carboxylic Acids
NCERT Solutions
NCERT Solutions
Aldehydes, Ketones and Carboxylic Acids
8 Solutions
Q1
Exercises
What is meant by the following terms ? Give an example of the reaction in each case.
(i)
Cyanohydrin
(ii)
Acetal
(iii)
Semicarbazone
(iv)
Aldol
(v)
Hemiacetal
(vi)
Oxime
(vii)
Ketal
(vii)
Imine
(ix)
2,4-DNP-derivative
(x)
Schiff's base
Q2
Exercises
Name the following compounds according to IUPAC system of nomenclature:
(i)
C
H
3
C
H
(
C
H
3
)
C
H
2
C
H
2
C
H
O
\mathrm{CH}_{3} \mathrm{CH}(\mathrm{CH}_{3}) \mathrm{CH}_{2} \mathrm{CH}_{2} \mathrm{CHO}
CH
3
CH
(
CH
3
)
CH
2
CH
2
CHO
(ii)
C
H
3
C
H
2
C
O
C
H
(
C
2
H
5
)
C
H
2
C
H
2
C
l
\mathrm{CH}_{3} \mathrm{CH}_{2} \mathrm{COCH}(\mathrm{C}_{2} \mathrm{H}_{5}) \mathrm{CH}_{2} \mathrm{CH}_{2} \mathrm{Cl}
CH
3
CH
2
COCH
(
C
2
H
5
)
CH
2
CH
2
Cl
(iii)
C
H
3
C
H
=
C
H
C
H
O
\mathrm{CH}_{3} \mathrm{CH}=\mathrm{CHCHO}
CH
3
CH
=
CHCHO
(iv)
C
H
3
C
O
C
H
2
C
O
C
H
3
\mathrm{CH}_{3} \mathrm{COCH}_{2} \mathrm{COCH}_{3}
CH
3
COCH
2
COCH
3
(v)
C
H
3
C
H
(
C
H
3
)
C
H
2
C
(
C
H
3
)
2
C
O
C
H
3
\mathrm{CH}_{3} \mathrm{CH}(\mathrm{CH}_{3}) \mathrm{CH}_{2} \mathrm{C}(\mathrm{CH}_{3})_{2} \mathrm{COCH}_{3}
CH
3
CH
(
CH
3
)
CH
2
C
(
CH
3
)
2
COCH
3
(vi)
(
C
H
3
)
3
C
C
H
2
C
O
O
H
(\mathrm{CH}_{3})_{3} \mathrm{CCH}_{2} \mathrm{COOH}
(
CH
3
)
3
CCH
2
COOH
(vii)
O
H
C
C
6
H
4
C
H
O
−
p
\mathrm{OHCC}_{6} \mathrm{H}_{4} \mathrm{CHO}-p
OHCC
6
H
4
CHO
−
p
Q3
Exercises
Draw the structures of the following compounds.
(i)
3-Methylbutanal
(ii)
p
p
p
-Nitropropiophenone
(iii)
p-Methylbenzaldehyde
(iv)
4-Methylpent-3-en-2-one
(v)
4-Chloropentan-2-one
(vi)
3-Bromo-4-phenylpentanoic acid
(vii)
p
,
p
p, p
p
,
p
'-Dihydroxybenzophenone
(viii)
Hex-2-en-4-ynoic acid
Q4
Exercises
Write the IUPAC names of the following ketones and aldehydes. Wherever possible, give also common names.
(i)
C
H
3
C
O
(
C
H
2
)
4
C
H
3
\mathrm{CH}_{3} \mathrm{CO}(\mathrm{CH}_{2})_{4} \mathrm{CH}_{3}
CH
3
CO
(
CH
2
)
4
CH
3
(ii)
C
H
3
C
H
2
C
H
B
r
C
H
2
C
H
(
C
H
3
)
C
H
O
\mathrm{CH}_{3} \mathrm{CH}_{2} \mathrm{CHBrCH}_{2} \mathrm{CH}(\mathrm{CH}_{3}) \mathrm{CHO}
CH
3
CH
2
CHBrCH
2
CH
(
CH
3
)
CHO
(iii)
C
H
3
(
C
H
2
)
5
C
H
O
\mathrm{CH}_{3}(\mathrm{CH}_{2})_{5} \mathrm{CHO}
CH
3
(
CH
2
)
5
CHO
(iv)
P
h
−
C
H
=
C
H
−
C
H
O
\mathrm{Ph}-\mathrm{CH}=\mathrm{CH}-\mathrm{CHO}
Ph
−
CH
=
CH
−
CHO
(v)
Structure of Cyclopentanecarbaldehyde
(vi)
PhCOPh
Q5
Exercises
Draw structures of the following derivatives.
(i)
The 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazone of benzaldehyde
(ii)
Cyclopropanone oxime
(iii)
Acetaldehydedimethylacetal
(iv)
The semicarbazone of cyclobutanone
(v)
The ethylene ketal of hexan-3-one
(vi)
The methyl hemiacetal of formaldehyde
Q6
Exercises
Predict the products formed when cyclohexanecarbaldehyde reacts with following reagents.
(i)
PhMgBr and then
H
3
O
+
\mathrm{H}_{3} \mathrm{O}^{+}
H
3
O
+
(ii)
Tollens' reagent
(iii)
Semicarbazide and weak acid
(iv)
Excess ethanol and acid
(v)
Zinc amalgam and dilute hydrochloric acid
Q7
Exercises
Which of the following compounds would undergo aldol condensation, which the Cannizzaro reaction and which neither? Write the structures of the expected products of aldol condensation and Cannizzaro reaction.
(i)
Methanal
(ii)
2-Methylpentanal
(iii)
Benzaldehyde
(iv)
Benzophenone
(v)
Cyclohexanone
(vi)
1-Phenylpropanone
(vii)
Phenylacetaldehyde
(viii)
Butan-1-ol
(ix)
2,2-Dimethylbutanal
Q8
Exercises
How will you convert ethanal into the following compounds?
(i)
Butane-1,3-diol
(ii)
But-2-enal
(iii)
But-2-enoic acid
More from this chapter
Chapter overview
Notes
Important Points
Practice Questions
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