Beyond EarthClass 6 Science NCERT Solutions
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Q1Let us enhance our learning
Match the column:
\begin{tabular}{|l|l|}
\hline
\multicolumn{1}{|c|}{ Column I } & \multicolumn{1}{c|}{ Column II }
\hline
(i)
Satellite of Earth & (a) Orion \ \hline
(ii)
Red planet & (b) Venus \ \hline
(iii)
Constellation & (c) Mars \ \hline
(iv)
\begin{tabular}{l} Planet which is commonly \ called an evening star \end{tabular} & (d) Moon \ \hline \end{tabular}
Solution
Here is the matching of the columns:
(i)
Satellite of Earth (d) Moon
*
(ii)
Red planet (c) Mars
*
(iii)
Constellation (a) Orion
*
(iv)
Planet which is commonly called an evening star (b) Venus
Q2Let us enhance our learning
(i) Solve the following riddle. My first alphabet is in MAN but not in CAN My second alphabet is in ACE and also in FAN My third alphabet is in RAT and not in CAT My fourth alphabet is in SUN but not in FUN I am a planet that moves around the Sun. (ii) Make two similar riddles by yourself.
Solution
(i)
Let us solve the riddle:
- My first alphabet is in MAN but not in CAN: M
- My second alphabet is in ACE and also in FAN: A
- My third alphabet is in RAT and not in CAT: R
- My fourth alphabet is in SUN but not in FUN: S
The planet is Mars.
(ii)
Here are two similar riddles:
Riddle 1:
My first alphabet is in JUMP but not in PUMP.
My second alphabet is in UNDER but not in OVER.
My third alphabet is in PLANET but not in MOON.
My fourth alphabet is in ICE but not in COLD.
My fifth alphabet is in TEN but not in ELEVEN.
My sixth alphabet is in EARTH but not in MARS.
My seventh alphabet is in RUN but not in WALK.
I am the largest planet in our Solar System.
Answer: Jupiter
Riddle 2:
My first alphabet is in SUN but not in MOON.
My second alphabet is in APPLE but not in BANANA.
My third alphabet is in TREE but not in BUSH.
My fourth alphabet is in UP but not in DOWN.
My fifth alphabet is in RIVER but not in LAKE.
My sixth alphabet is in NIGHT but not in DAY.
I am known for my prominent rings.
Answer: Saturn
Q3Let us enhance our learning
Which of the following is not a member of our Solar System?
(i)
Sirius
(ii)
Comets
(iii)
Asteroids
(iv)
Pluto
Solution
The correct option is (i) Sirius.
Explanation:
Sirius is a star that is much farther away from us than our Sun. It is the brightest star in the night sky, but it is not a part of our Solar System. Our Solar System consists of the Sun, eight planets, their moons, and many smaller objects including asteroids, and comets. Pluto is now classified as a dwarf planet, but it is still a member of the Solar System.
Q4Let us enhance our learning
Which of the following is not a planet of the Sun?
(i)
Jupiter
(ii)
Pluto
(iii)
Neptune
(iv)
Saturn
Solution
The correct option is (ii) Pluto.
Explanation:
Jupiter, Neptune, and Saturn are all recognized as planets in our Solar System. Pluto, however, was redefined in 2006 by the International Astronomical Union (IAU) as a dwarf planet. While it revolves around the Sun, it does not meet all the criteria to be classified as a full-fledged planet.
Q5Let us enhance our learning
Which is the brighter star, the Pole Star or Sirius?
Solution
Sirius is the brighter star.
The chapter states that Sirius is the brightest star in the night sky. In contrast, the Pole Star is described as 'not very bright'.
Q6Let us enhance our learning
An artist's representation of the Solar System is given in Fig. 12.12. Is the order of the planets correct? If not, write the correct order in the boxes in the figure.
Solution
No, the order of the planets shown in Fig. 12.12 is not correct.
The correct order of the eight planets in increasing distance from the Sun is:
- Mercury
- Venus
- Earth
- Mars
- Jupiter
- Saturn
- Uranus
- Neptune
Q7Let us enhance our learning
A portion of night sky with stars is shown in Fig. 12.13. Look carefully and identify the groups of stars that form the patterns-the Big Dipper and the Little Dipper. Draw lines to connect the stars for these patterns and label them. Also, identify and label the Pole Star. You may refer to Fig. 12.4 for help.
Solution
To identify the Big Dipper, Little Dipper, and Pole Star in Fig. 12.13 (referring to Fig. 12.4 for guidance):
- Big Dipper (Saptarishi): Look for a prominent group of seven bright stars that form a shape resembling a ladle or dipper. Four stars form the 'cup' and three stars form the 'handle'. You would draw lines to connect these seven stars to outline the dipper shape.
- Pole Star (Dhruva tārā): Once the Big Dipper is identified, locate the two stars at the end of its cup. Imagine a straight line passing through these two stars and extending towards the north. The first moderately bright star encountered along this imaginary line, at about five times the distance between the two pointer stars, is the Pole Star.
- Little Dipper (Ursa Minor): The Pole Star is part of the Little Dipper (Ursa Minor). The Little Dipper also forms a dipper shape, but it is fainter than the Big Dipper, with the Pole Star at the end of its handle. You would draw lines to connect these stars.
Q8Let us enhance our learning
A portion of the night sky is shown in Fig. 12.14. Draw lines to connect the stars for Orion and label the star Sirius. You may refer to Fig. 12.3.
Solution
To identify Orion and Sirius in Fig. 12.14 (referring to Fig. 12.3 for guidance):
- Orion: Look for three bright stars that form a short, straight line in the middle of the constellation; these represent Orion's belt. Around these three stars, you would connect other stars to form the outline of the hunter, such as his shoulders and feet.
- Sirius: Once Orion is identified, imagine a straight line passing through the three middle stars (the belt) of Orion and extending along this line towards the east. This imaginary line will lead to a very bright star, which is Sirius. You would label this bright star as Sirius.
Q9Let us enhance our learning
You can see stars fading away at dawn and appearing at dusk. During the day we do not see the stars. Explain why.
Solution
During the daytime, the Sun is the star closest to Earth and shines with extreme brightness. The intense sunlight scatters in Earth's atmosphere, creating a bright blue sky. This overwhelming brightness from the Sun and the scattered light in the atmosphere makes the much fainter light from other distant stars invisible to our naked eyes. As a result, we cannot see stars during the day.
At dawn, as the Sun begins to rise and its light increases, the stars gradually fade from view. Conversely, at dusk, as the Sun sets and its light diminishes, the sky darkens, allowing the stars to gradually become visible again.
Q10Let us enhance our learning
During a clear night, try to observe the Big Dipper 3-4 times at an interval of 2 to 3 hours. Also try to locate the Pole Star each time. Does the Big Dipper appear to move? Draw a rough sketch to illustrate this, mentioning the time in each case.
Solution
Yes, the Big Dipper (Saptarishi) appears to move in the night sky, while the Pole Star (Dhruva tārā) appears stationary.
Explanation:
If you observe the Big Dipper multiple times over several hours during a clear night, you will notice that its position in the sky changes. It will appear to rotate counter-clockwise around the Pole Star. This apparent movement is due to the Earth's rotation on its axis. The Pole Star, however, remains almost fixed in the northern direction because it is located very close to the Earth's axis of rotation extended into space.
Conceptual Illustration (as a sketch cannot be drawn here):
Imagine the Pole Star as a central, fixed point. The Big Dipper would be observed at different orientations around this central point at different times:
- Observation 1 (e.g., 9:00 p.m.): The Big Dipper might be seen with its 'handle' pointing upwards or to one side.
- Observation 2 (e.g., 11:00 p.m.): After two hours, the Big Dipper would appear to have rotated counter-clockwise around the Pole Star, so its 'handle' would be in a different position.
- Observation 3 (e.g., 1:00 a.m.): Two hours later, the Big Dipper would have rotated further, appearing in yet another orientation around the stationary Pole Star.
In all these observations, the Pole Star's position relative to the horizon would remain constant.
Q11Let us enhance our learning
Think about the night sky and write a poem or a story on it.
Solution
A Story of the Night Sky
In the quiet village of Nubra, nestled among majestic mountain peaks, lived Yangdol and Dorjay, twins with eyes full of wonder. Their greatest joy was the night sky, a vast, dark canvas painted with thousands of twinkling stars. Every evening, after dinner, they would sit outside their home, gazing up, lost in the immense sense of awe that the cloudless skies of Ladakh always inspired.
"Look, Dorjay!" Yangdol whispered one night, pointing a tiny finger upwards. "The Big Dipper is like a giant spoon pouring starlight onto the Earth! And see Orion, the hunter, striding across the sky with his belt shining so brightly."
Dorjay nodded, his own eyes wide. "And the Pole Star, it never moves! It's like a watchful eye, guiding all the other stars as they dance around it. Grandmother says it used to help caravans find their way in ancient days."
Their grandmother often told them stories of how these imaginary patterns helped people recognize stars. She spoke of Canis Major, Orion's faithful dog, with Sirius, the brightest star, shining like a diamond in its collar. She told them how these celestial guides were like friends to sailors and travelers, showing them directions across vast seas and lands.
One night, as a faint comet, like a ghostly visitor with a long tail, streaked across the darkness, Yangdol made a silent wish. "I wish," she thought, "that one day, I could fly among those stars, touch the Moon, and visit the Red Planet, Mars!"
Dorjay, though he did not hear her wish, felt the same pull of the unknown. The night sky was not just a collection of lights; it was a book of endless stories, waiting to be read, a universe of mysteries waiting to be explored. And as they drifted to sleep under the starlit canopy of the Milky Way Galaxy, they knew their journey of discovery, just like the stars themselves, had only just begun.