The Value of WorkClass 6 Social Science NCERT Solutions
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Q1Questions, activities and projects
How are economic activities different from non-economic activities?
Solution
Economic activities are those that involve money or are performed in exchange for money or money's worth for the parties involved. These activities generate income or wealth. Examples include a business person selling school bags, a farmer selling produce, a lawyer earning a fee, or workers employed in a factory.
Non-economic activities, on the other hand, do not generate income or wealth. They are typically done out of feelings like gratitude, love, care, and respect. For instance, parents cooking food for the family, youth taking care of grandparents, or family members helping in house renovation are non-economic activities. While they do not involve monetary transactions, they generate significant value in terms of social welfare, personal well-being, and enhancing the overall quality of life.
Q2Questions, activities and projects
What kind of economic activities do people engage in? Illustrate with examples.
Solution
People engage in various kinds of economic activities to earn a living and contribute to the economy. These activities involve the exchange of goods or services for money or its equivalent. The chapter provides several examples:
- Providing professional services for a salary: Geeta Aunty, a pilot in the Indian Air Force, receives a salary for her service to the country. Rohan, a software engineer, works for a company and is paid a salary. Kavya's uncle works as a technician in a construction company and receives a monthly salary. Kavya's aunt is employed at the village post office and receives a monthly salary.
- Selling goods: Anu's parents run a shop that sells uniforms and ready-made garments. A business person sells school bags in the market, and farmers sell their produce.
- Providing services for a fee: A lawyer argues a case and earns a fee. Kavya's aunt conducts online classes and charges a weekly fee.
- Labour for wages: A truck driver transports goods from one place to another. Sahil, a farm labourer, uses a tractor to till land and earns a daily wage, sometimes including payment in kind like mangoes.
- Manufacturing and value addition: A carpenter like Rajesh buys wood, uses skills and tools to make furniture, and sells it at a higher price, adding value to the raw material.
Q3Questions, activities and projects
There is great value attached to people who are engaged in community service activities. Comment on this statement.
Solution
The statement that great value is attached to people engaged in community service activities is true and strongly supported by the concepts discussed in the chapter regarding non-economic activities. Community service activities, often driven by feelings of gratitude, love, care, and respect, may not involve monetary transactions, but they generate immense social and personal value.
For example, 'seva' or selfless service, seen in places like langars at gurudwaras, provides free food to visitors. Such practices foster a sense of satisfaction and gratitude, contributing to society without expecting anything in return. Similarly, initiatives like the Swachh Bharat Abhiyan rely on the collective efforts of citizens to keep surroundings clean, leading to a clean home, neighbourhood, society, and nation. Van Mahotsav, a festival promoting tree plantation, also brings community members together for a common environmental cause.
These activities enhance social welfare by building stronger communities, promoting a sense of shared responsibility, and improving the overall quality of life for everyone. They create a positive environment, foster goodwill, and contribute to the collective well-being, demonstrating their irreplaceable value beyond monetary terms.
Q4Questions, activities and projects
What are the various ways in which people are compensated for various economic activities? Give some examples.
Solution
People are compensated for their economic activities in several ways, primarily involving money or goods of monetary value. The chapter illustrates these methods with various examples:
- Salary: This is a fixed regular payment, generally paid monthly by an employer to an employee. For example, Geeta Aunty, the Air Force pilot, receives a salary. Anu's brother Rohan, a software engineer, is given a salary. Kavya's uncle, a technician, and Kavya's aunt, an employee at the post office, both receive monthly salaries.
- Fee: This is a payment made to a person or organisation in exchange for professional advice or services. A lawyer earns a fee for arguing a case. Kavya's aunt charges a weekly fee for her online classes where she helps students prepare for school exams.
- Wage: This is a payment made by the employer to the worker for a specific period of time, often daily or hourly. Sahil, a farm labourer, earns a daily wage for tilling a farmer's land.
- Payment in kind: This refers to a non-cash payment that is received for work performed, but it still has monetary value. Sahil, the farm labourer, receives some payment in cash and the remaining part in the form of mangoes of equal value.
- Profit/Money from selling goods: Individuals who run businesses or sell products directly are compensated through the money they earn from sales after deducting costs. Anu's parents run a shop selling garments, and farmers sell their harvest in the market.