Climates of IndiaClass 7 Social Science NCERT Solutions
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Q1Questions and activities
Match the climatic factors with their effects:
Column A Column B (1) Latitude (a) (2) Altitude (b) (3) Proximity to the ocean (c) Keeps higher places cooler (4) Monsoon winds (d) Moderates the temperature
Solution
Here is the matching of climatic factors with their effects:
(1) Latitude - (a) Affects temperature based on distance from the Equator.
(2) Altitude - (c) Keeps higher places cooler.
(3) Proximity to the ocean - (d) Moderates the temperature.
(4) Monsoon winds - (b) Bring seasonal rainfall.
Q2Questions and activities
Answer the following questions: a) What is the difference between weather and climate? b) Why do places near the ocean have milder temperatures than places far away from it? c) What role do monsoon winds play in affecting India's climate? d) Why is Chennai warm or hot throughout the year, while Leh is cold?
Solution
a) Weather is the condition of the atmosphere at a particular place and time, such as if it is raining or sunny. Climate, on the other hand, is the average weather conditions in a region over a long period of time, typically several decades.
b) Places near the ocean have milder temperatures because the ocean acts as a temperature moderator. Water heats up and cools down more slowly than land, so coastal areas have less extreme temperature variations.
c) Monsoon winds play a crucial role in India's climate by bringing seasonal rainfall. The summer monsoon winds bring moisture from the ocean, leading to heavy rains across much of India. The winter monsoon winds are dry and blow from the land towards the ocean, bringing cold weather to south India.
d) Chennai is warm or hot throughout the year because it is located near the Equator and close to the coast. Its low latitude results in higher temperatures due to the direct angle of the sun's rays. Being near the sea moderates the temperature. Leh, on the other hand, is cold because it is located at a high altitude in the Himalayas. Higher altitudes have lower temperatures due to decreased atmospheric pressure and air density.
Q3Questions and activities
Look at a map of India given at the end of this book. Identify the climate for these cities - Leh, Chennai, Delhi, Panaji and Jaipur. Is the place near the sea, in the mountains, or in the desert? How do these factors affect the climate there?
Solution
Here is the climate for the specified cities, along with the factors affecting them:
- Leh: Alpine climate. It is located in the mountains. The high altitude results in cold temperatures.
- Chennai: Tropical climate. It is near the sea. Proximity to the coast moderates the temperature, and its location closer to the Equator contributes to the warmth.
- Delhi: Subtropical climate. It is located in the northern plains, away from the coast and mountains. This results in very hot summers and cold winters.
- Panaji: Tropical wet climate. It is near the sea. Proximity to the coast moderates the temperature, and it receives heavy rainfall during the monsoon months.
- Jaipur: Arid climate. It is near the Thar Desert. This results in extremely hot days, cool nights, and very little rainfall.
Q4Questions and activities
Draw the monsoon cycle in summers and winters on a map of India. Label where the winds blow in summer and winter Show the direction of winds during the monsoon
Solution
A map of India is required to complete this exercise. The map should show:
- Summer Monsoon: Winds blowing from the southwest towards the land, bringing moisture and rainfall. The Arabian Sea branch and the Bay of Bengal branch of the monsoon should be indicated.
- Winter Monsoon: Winds blowing from the northeast, from the land towards the ocean. This should be shown as dry winds, except where they pick up moisture over the Bay of Bengal and bring rainfall to the eastern coast of India.
Q5Questions and activities
Make a colourful poster showing festivals in India linked to farming and weather (e.g., Baisakhi, Onam). Add pictures or drawings of these festivals.
Solution
This exercise requires creating a poster. The poster should include:
- Baisakhi (Punjab): A harvest festival celebrating the beginning of the new solar year and the harvest season. Pictures or drawings could include farmers celebrating, traditional dances, and harvested crops.
- Onam (Kerala): A harvest festival celebrating the return of King Mahabali. Pictures or drawings could include boat races, floral decorations (Pookalam), and traditional feasts (Sadhya).
- Other festivals like Pongal (Tamil Nadu), Makar Sankranti (various states), and Holi (various states) can also be included, showing their connection to the agricultural cycle and weather patterns.
Q6Questions and activities
Imagine you are a farmer in India. Write a short diary entry about how you would prepare for the rainy season.
Solution
Dear Diary,
Today, I spent the day preparing for the upcoming monsoon season. The rains are the lifeline of our crops, and it is crucial to be ready. First, I ensured that the fields are properly ploughed and leveled to prevent waterlogging. Next, I repaired the bunds around the fields to conserve water. I also cleaned the irrigation channels so that water can flow freely to all parts of the farm. Seeds for the next crop were carefully selected and stored in a dry place. I am also praying for a timely and sufficient monsoon, as our livelihood depends on it.
Q7Questions and activities
Identify a natural disaster (e.g., cyclone, flood, landslide, or forest fire) and write a short essay that includes the causes and impacts. Suggest actions that individuals, communities and the government can take to reduce the impact.
Solution
Floods
Floods are a common natural disaster in India, especially during the monsoon season. They occur when excessive rainfall causes rivers and lakes to overflow, inundating surrounding areas. Other causes include glacial bursts in the Himalayan region and poorly planned urban development that obstructs natural waterways.
The impacts of floods are devastating. They can lead to loss of life, damage to property and infrastructure, displacement of communities, and outbreaks of waterborne diseases. Agriculture is severely affected as crops are submerged, leading to food shortages and economic losses.
To reduce the impact of floods, several actions can be taken:
- Individuals: Construct houses on elevated platforms, keep emergency supplies ready, and follow evacuation orders.
- Communities: Participate in awareness programs, maintain drainage systems, and plant trees to reduce soil erosion.
- Government: Invest in flood control measures like dams and embankments, improve weather forecasting and early warning systems, enforce land-use regulations to prevent construction in flood-prone areas, and provide relief and rehabilitation to affected communities.