Key Points

A citizen is a legal member of a country who has both rights, such as voting, and duties, such as obeying laws. Citizenship is both a legal identity and a social responsibility of active participation.

Rights are freedoms and entitlements, while duties are responsibilities. They are two sides of the same coin, as fulfilling one's duties helps protect the rights of everyone in society.

The Constitution of India grants six broad categories of Fundamental Rights. These are basic human rights for all citizens which are enforceable by the courts.

This right guarantees equality before the law and prohibits discrimination on grounds of religion, race, caste, sex, or place of birth. It also abolishes practices like untouchability.

This includes freedoms of speech, expression, assembly, and movement. These freedoms come with reasonable restrictions to ensure they are not harmful to others or the nation.

This right ensures not just survival but the right to live with human dignity. It includes the right to a livelihood, education, health, and a clean environment.

This right prohibits human trafficking, forced labour, and the employment of children under 14 in hazardous work, protecting individuals from unfair advantage and abuse.

Considered the 'soul of the Constitution' by Dr. B.R. Ambedkar, this right allows citizens to approach the courts if their Fundamental Rights are violated, making rights enforceable.

Added in 1976, these are 11 duties that remind citizens of their responsibilities, such as respecting the Constitution, protecting the environment, and promoting harmony.

Added in 2002, this duty makes it mandatory for a parent or guardian to provide opportunities for education to their child between the ages of 6 and 14 years.

Discrimination is unfair treatment of someone based on their identity, such as caste, religion, gender, or economic status. It is illegal and undermines the principle of equality.

Inclusion means creating an environment where everyone feels welcomed, respected, and has equal access to opportunities, regardless of their background. It is an active measure against discrimination.

Equality means giving everyone the same thing. Equity means giving people what they need to achieve fairness and justice, recognizing that people may have different needs and disadvantages.

Childline 1098 is a national, free, 24-hour helpline for children in need of care and protection. It is a key resource for reporting and stopping child labour and abuse.