Question 1

Q1: Define the term "tissue".

Accepted Answer

A tissue is a group of cells that are similar in structure and/or work together to achieve a particular function.

Question 2

Q10: Name the following. (a) Tissue that forms the inner lining of our mouth. (b) Tissue that connects muscle to bone in humans. (c) Tissue that transports...

Accepted Answer

(a) Epithelial tissue (specifically, squamous epithelium) (b) Tendon (c) Phloem (d) Adipose tissue (e) Blood (f) Nervous tissue

Question 3

Q11: Identify the type of tissue in the following: skin, bark of tree, bone, lining of kidney tubule, vascular bundle.

Accepted Answer

Skin: Epithelial tissue (specifically, stratified squamous epithelium) Bark of tree: Protective tissue (cork) Bone: Connective tissue Lining of kidney tubule: Epithelial tissue (specifically, cuboidal epithelium) Vascular bundle: Complex permanent tissue (xylem and phloem)

Question 4

Q12: Name the regions in which parenchyma tissue is present.

Accepted Answer

Parenchyma tissue is present in the cortex and pith of stems and roots, in the mesophyll of leaves, and in the pulp of fruits.

Question 5

Q13: What is the role of epidermis in plants?

Accepted Answer

The epidermis protects all parts of the plant. It protects against water loss, mechanical injury, and invasion by parasitic fungi. Epidermal cells of roots also absorb water.

Question 6

Q14: How does the cork act as a protective tissue?

Accepted Answer

Cork cells are dead and compactly arranged without intercellular spaces. They have a substance called suberin in their walls that makes them impervious to gases and water. These features enable cork to act as a protective tissue.

Question 7

Q15: Complete the following chart:

Accepted Answer

The chart refers to the classification of tissues, however, the image of the chart was not clear enough to provide a complete and correct answer. A completed chart would include the following information: Tissue:  - Plant Tissue:   - Meristematic:    - Apical    - Lateral    - Intercalary   - Perman...

Question 8

Q2: How many types of elements together make up the xylem tissue? Name them.

Accepted Answer

Xylem tissue is made up of four types of elements: tracheids, vessels, xylem parenchyma, and xylem fibres.

Question 9

Q3: How are simple tissues different from complex tissues in plants?

Accepted Answer

Simple tissues are made up of one type of cell, which look like each other. Complex tissues are made up of more than one type of cell, and all these cells coordinate to perform a common function.

Question 10

Q4: Differentiate between parenchyma, collenchyma and sclerenchyma on the basis of their cell wall.

Accepted Answer

Parenchyma cells have thin cell walls. Collenchyma cells have cell walls that are irregularly thickened at the corners. Sclerenchyma cells have thick walls due to lignin deposits.

Question 11

Q5: What are the functions of the stomata?

Accepted Answer

Stomata allow the exchange of gases ($CO_2$ and $O_2$) between the plant and the atmosphere. Transpiration (loss of water in the form of water vapour) also takes place through stomata.

Question 12

Q6: Diagrammatically show the difference between the three types of muscle fibres.

Accepted Answer

Refer to Figure 6.11 in the textbook for the labelled diagrams of the three types of muscle fibres: striated muscle, smooth muscle, and cardiac muscle.

Question 13

Q7: What is the specific function of the cardiac muscle?

Accepted Answer

The specific function of the cardiac muscle is to cause rhythmic contraction and relaxation of the heart throughout life, enabling the pumping of blood to all parts of the body.

Question 14

Q8: Differentiate between striated, unstriated and cardiac muscles on the basis of their structure and site/location in the body.

Accepted Answer

Striated muscles are long, cylindrical, unbranched, and multinucleate. They are attached to bones and help in body movement. Unstriated muscles are long with pointed ends (spindle-shaped) and uninucleate. They are found in the iris of the eye, in ureters, and in the bronchi of the lungs. Cardiac mus...

Question 15

Q9: Draw a labelled diagram of a neuron.

Accepted Answer

Refer to Figure 6.12 in the textbook for the labelled diagram of a neuron. The diagram should include the cell body, nucleus, cytoplasm, axon, and dendrites.

NCERT Solutions