Question 1

Q1: Say whether these activities are economic or non-economic activities: Vilas sells fish in the village market. Vilas cooks food for his family. Sakal w...

Accepted Answer

Based on the definitions in the text, where economic activities involve remuneration (pay or profit) and non-market (non-economic in this context) activities are for self-consumption or family care without pay:    Vilas sells fish in the village market: This is an economic activity. It is a market a...

Question 2

Q1: What do you understand by 'people as a resource'?

Accepted Answer

'People as a resource' is a way of viewing a country's population as an asset rather than a liability. It refers to the working people in terms of their existing productive skills and abilities. This perspective emphasizes the population's ability to contribute to the creation of the Gross National...

Question 3

Q10: What is the difference between disguised unemployment and seasonal unemployment?

Accepted Answer

Both disguised and seasonal unemployment are commonly found in rural areas, particularly in agriculture, but they differ in their nature.    Seasonal Unemployment: This occurs when people are unable to find jobs during certain months of the year. It is tied to the seasonal nature of an activity. For...

Question 4

Q11: Why is educated unemployed, a peculiar problem of India?

Accepted Answer

Educated unemployment is a peculiar problem in India because there is a mismatch between the skills possessed by the educated youth and the skills required by the economy. The text highlights this as a "paradoxical manpower situation" where a surplus of educated manpower in certain categories coexis...

Question 5

Q12: In which field do you think India can build the maximum employment opportunity?

Accepted Answer

Based on the text, the tertiary or service sector appears to hold the most promise for building maximum employment opportunities in India. The text explicitly mentions that "various new services are now appearing like biotechnology, information technology and so on." The example of India's IT revolu...

Question 6

Q13: Can you suggest some measures in the education system to mitigate the problem of the educated unemployed?

Accepted Answer

Yes, several measures can be suggested for the education system to mitigate educated unemployment, based on the chapter's themes: 1.  Vocationalisation of Education: Introduce and expand vocational streams in schools and colleges to equip students with practical, job-oriented skills related to speci...

Question 7

Q14: Can you imagine some village which initially had no job opportunities but later came up with many?

Accepted Answer

Yes, the 'Story of a Village' at the end of the chapter provides a clear example of this transformation. Initially, the village was a subsistence economy where each family produced just enough for itself. There were no formal job opportunities. The transformation began when one person got an educati...

Question 8

Q15: Which capital would you consider the best - land, labour, physical capital and human capital? Why?

Accepted Answer

Based on the chapter, human capital would be considered the best and most important form of capital. The reason is that human capital is the active factor of production that makes all other resources useful. The text explicitly states, "human capital is in one way superior to other resources like la...

Question 9

Q2: How is human resource different from other resources like land and physical capital?

Accepted Answer

Human resource is different from other resources like land and physical capital in a crucial way. The text states that human resource is superior because it can actively make use of other resources. Land and physical capital (like machinery) are passive factors of production and cannot become useful...

Question 10

Q3: What is the role of education in human capital formation?

Accepted Answer

Education plays a fundamental role in human capital formation. It is the primary investment that transforms a person into a productive asset. The role of education includes: 1.  Enhancing Productivity: Education imparts knowledge and skills, which increase an individual's productivity and efficiency...

Question 11

Q4: What is the role of health in human capital formation?

Accepted Answer

Health is an indispensable component of human capital formation. Its role includes: 1.  Improving Productivity: A healthy person can work more efficiently and realize their full potential. Ill health prevents a worker from maximizing their output. 2.  Ability to Work: Good health allows an individua...

Question 12

Q5: What part does health play in the individual's working life?

Accepted Answer

Health plays a critical part in an individual's working life. A healthy individual can:    Work Efficiently: Good health allows a person to realize their full potential and work with maximum efficiency. An unhealthy worker cannot be as productive.    Maintain Regular Employment: A healthy person is...

Question 13

Q6: What are the various activities undertaken in the primary sector, secondary sector and tertiary sector?

Accepted Answer

The various activities undertaken in the three sectors are:    Primary Sector: This sector includes activities that involve the direct use of natural resources. Examples given in the text are agriculture, forestry, animal husbandry, fishing, poultry farming, mining, and quarrying.    Secondary Secto...

Question 14

Q7: What is the difference between economic activities and non-economic activities?

Accepted Answer

The main difference between economic and non-economic activities lies in the purpose and remuneration.    Economic Activities: These are activities performed for pay or profit. They add value to the national income and result in the production of goods and services. They are further divided into mar...

Question 15

Q8: Why are women employed in low paid work?

Accepted Answer

According to the text, women are often employed in low-paid work due to several factors: 1.  Meagre Education and Low Skill Formation: A majority of women have lower levels of education and skill formation compared to men, which are major determinants of earnings in the market. 2.  Lack of Job Secur...

Question 16

Q9: How will you explain the term unemployment?

Accepted Answer

Unemployment is a situation where people who are willing to work at the current market wage rates cannot find jobs. The term applies to the workforce population, which includes people in the age group of 15 to 59 years. A person is considered unemployed only if they are actively seeking work but are...

Question 17

Q1: Has the literacy rates of the population increased since 1951?

Accepted Answer

Yes, according to both the graph and the text, the literacy rates of the population have increased significantly since 1951. The text states that literacy rates have increased from 18% in 1951 to 85% in 2018. The graph visually confirms this with a consistent upward trend for all categories (Persons...

Question 18

Q2: In which year India has the highest literacy rates?

Accepted Answer

Based on the provided Graph 2.1 and the text, the highest literacy rates are shown for the most recent year available in the data. The text mentions a literacy rate of 85% in 2018, which is the highest figure cited.

Question 19

Q3: Why literacy rate is high among the males of India?

Accepted Answer

The text suggests that historical and cultural reasons contribute to the difference in literacy rates between males and females. The text notes, "a vast difference is noticed across different sections of the population. Literacy among males is nearly 16.1% higher than females." This disparity is oft...

Question 20

Q4: Why are women less educated than men?

Accepted Answer

Women are less educated than men due to a combination of historical, cultural, and social factors. The text implies these reasons by highlighting the disparity and the traditional division of labor where "Women generally look after domestic chores and men work in the fields." This traditional mindse...

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