AgricultureClass 10 Geography NCERT Solutions
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Q11. Multiple choice questions.
(i) Which one of the following describes a system of agriculture where a single crop is grown on a large…
(i)
Which one of the following describes a system of agriculture where a single crop is grown on a large area?
(a)
Shifting Agriculture
(b)
Plantation Agriculture
(c)
Horticulture
(d)
Intensive Agriculture
(ii)
Which one of the following is a rabi crop?
(a)
Rice
(b)
Gram
(c)
Millets
(d)
Cotton
(iii)
Which one of the following is a leguminous crop?
(a)
Pulses
(b)
Jawar
(c)
Millets
(d)
Sesamum
Solution
(i) (b) Plantation Agriculture
Plantation farming is a type of commercial farming where a single crop, such as tea, coffee, or rubber, is grown over a large area.
(ii) (b) Gram
Gram is a rabi crop, which is sown in winter (October-December) and harvested in summer (April-June). Rice, millets, and cotton are kharif crops.
(iii) (a) Pulses
The chapter states that pulses are leguminous crops (except arhar) that help in restoring soil fertility by fixing nitrogen from the air.
Q12. Answer the following questions in 30 words.
(i) Name one important beverage crop and specify the geographical conditions required for its growth. (ii)…
(i)
Name one important beverage crop and specify the geographical conditions required for its growth.
(ii)
Name one staple crop of India and the regions where it is produced.
(iii)
Enlist the various institutional reform programmes introduced by the government in the interest of farmers.
Solution
(i) An important beverage crop is Tea.
The geographical conditions required for its growth are:
- It grows well in tropical and sub-tropical climates with deep, fertile, and well-drained soil rich in humus.
- It requires a warm and moist, frost-free climate throughout the year.
- Frequent, evenly distributed showers are necessary for the continuous growth of its tender leaves.
(ii) A major staple crop of India is Rice.
Rice is primarily produced in the following regions:
- The plains of north and north-eastern India.
- Coastal areas and the deltaic regions.
- Due to the development of canal irrigation and tubewells, it is also grown in areas with less rainfall like Punjab, Haryana, western Uttar Pradesh, and parts of Rajasthan.
(iii) Various institutional reform programmes introduced by the government for farmers include:
- Collectivisation, consolidation of land holdings, and abolition of the zamindari system.
- Provision of crop insurance against natural calamities like drought, flood, and fire.
- Establishment of Grameen Banks and cooperative societies to provide loan facilities at lower interest rates.
- Introduction of schemes like the Kisan Credit Card (KCC) and the Personal Accident Insurance Scheme (PAIS).
- Announcement of Minimum Support Price (MSP) to prevent the exploitation of farmers.
Q13. Answer the following questions in about 120 words.
(i) Suggest the initiative taken by the government to ensure the increase in agricultural production. (ii)…
(i)
Suggest the initiative taken by the government to ensure the increase in agricultural production.
(ii)
Describe the geographical conditions required for the growth of rice.
Solution
(i) The government has taken several institutional and technological initiatives to ensure an increase in agricultural production.
After independence, major institutional reforms were prioritized. These included collectivisation, consolidation of land holdings, and the abolition of the zamindari system to improve the structure of Indian agriculture. Land reform was the primary focus of the First Five Year Plan.
In the 1960s and 1970s, the government introduced major technological reforms. The Green Revolution, based on package technology and High Yielding Variety (HYV) seeds, and the White Revolution (Operation Flood) were launched to boost agricultural and dairy production, respectively.
Furthermore, a comprehensive land development program was initiated in the 1980s and 1990s. This included:
- Financial Support: Establishment of Grameen banks and cooperative societies to provide credit facilities to farmers at lower interest rates. Schemes like the Kisan Credit Card (KCC) were also introduced.
- Risk Management: Provision for crop insurance against drought, flood, cyclone, fire, and disease, and the Personal Accident Insurance Scheme (PAIS).
- Price Policy: The government announces Minimum Support Price (MSP), remunerative, and procurement prices for important crops to protect farmers from exploitation and provide incentives for higher production.
(ii) Rice is a staple kharif crop in India that requires specific geographical conditions for its growth.
The key geographical conditions are as follows:
- Temperature: Rice requires a high temperature, typically above 25°C, for its growth.
- Rainfall and Humidity: It thrives in conditions of high humidity with an annual rainfall of over 100 cm. The crop needs abundant water throughout its growing season.
- Irrigation: In regions that receive less rainfall, such as Punjab, Haryana, western Uttar Pradesh, and parts of Rajasthan, rice cultivation has been made possible through the development of a dense network of canal irrigation and tubewells.
- Soil: It is grown in the plains of north and north-eastern India, coastal areas, and deltaic regions, which have fertile alluvial soils suitable for its cultivation.