Resources And DevelopmentClass 10 Geography NCERT Solutions
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Solution 1 of 4
Q1Exercises
Multiple choice questions.
(i)
Which one of the following is the main cause of land degradation in Punjab?
(a)
Intensive cultivation
(b)
Deforestation
(c)
Over irrigation
(d)
Overgrazing
(ii)
In which one of the following states is terrace cultivation practised?
(a)
Punjab
(b)
Plains of Uttar Pradesh
(c)
Haryana
(d)
Uttarakhand
(iii)
In which of the following states black soil is predominantly found?
(a)
Uttar Pradesh
(b)
Maharashtra
(c)
Rajasthan
(d)
Jharkhand
Solution
(i) (c) Over irrigation
Explanation: According to the chapter, in states like Punjab, Haryana, and western Uttar Pradesh, over-irrigation is responsible for land degradation due to waterlogging, which leads to an increase in salinity and alkalinity in the soil.
(ii) (d) Uttarakhand
Explanation: The textbook states that terrace cultivation is a method to restrict soil erosion on slopes. It is well-developed in the Western and Central Himalayas. Uttarakhand is a state located in this region.
(iii) (b) Maharashtra
Explanation: Black soil is typical of the Deccan trap (Basalt) region. The chapter mentions that these soils cover the plateaus of Maharashtra, Saurashtra, Malwa, Madhya Pradesh, and Chhattisgarh.
Q2Exercises
Answer the following questions in about 30 words.
(i)
Name three states having black soil and the crop which is mainly grown in it.
(ii)
What type of soil is found in the river deltas of the eastern coast? Give three main features of this type of soil.
(iii)
What steps can be taken to control soil erosion in the hilly areas?
Solution
(i) Three states having black soil are Maharashtra, Madhya Pradesh, and Chhattisgarh. Black soil is ideal for growing cotton, and for this reason, it is also known as black cotton soil.
(ii) Alluvial soil is found in the river deltas of the eastern coast. Its three main features are:
- It is very fertile and consists of various proportions of sand, silt, and clay.
- It contains an adequate proportion of potash, phosphoric acid, and lime.
- It is ideal for the growth of crops like sugarcane, paddy, wheat, and pulses.
(iii) In hilly areas, soil erosion can be controlled by the following steps:
- Contour Ploughing: Ploughing along the contour lines of a slope to decelerate the flow of water.
- Terrace Cultivation: Cutting steps, or terraces, on the slopes to restrict erosion.
Q3Exercises
Answer the following questions in about 120 words.
(i)
Explain land use pattern in India and why has the land under forest not increased much since 1960-61?
(ii)
How have technical and economic development led to more consumption of resources?
Solution
(i) The land use pattern in India is diverse, determined by physical factors like topography and climate, and human factors like population density and technology. The main categories of land use include:
- Forests: Land covered with trees.
- Land not available for cultivation: This includes barren and wasteland, and land used for non-agricultural purposes like buildings, roads, and factories.
- Other uncultivated land: This comprises permanent pastures, land under tree crops, and culturable wasteland.
- Fallow lands: Land temporarily out of cultivation.
- Net Sown Area: The physical extent of land where crops are sown.
The land under forest has not increased much since 1960-61 primarily because of the increasing demand for land for other purposes. The expansion of the economy, growth of population, and urbanization have led to a continuous increase in land for non-agricultural uses such as infrastructure, industry, and housing. While some afforestation efforts have been made, the diversion of forest land for developmental projects has largely offset these gains, resulting in only a marginal increase in forest cover.
(ii) Technical and economic development have a direct relationship with resource consumption, leading to its increase in the following ways:
- Technological Development: Advanced technology provides the equipment and knowledge to extract resources on a much larger scale than previously possible. For example, modern mining and drilling techniques allow access to minerals and fossil fuels deep within the earth. It also enables the processing of raw materials into a vast array of consumer goods, further driving demand.
- Economic Development: As a country develops economically, the income levels and standard of living of its people rise. This leads to increased demand for consumer goods, energy, transportation, and better housing, all of which are resource-intensive. Industrialization, a key component of economic development, is based on the mass production of goods, which requires enormous quantities of raw materials and energy, thus leading to higher resource consumption.
Q4Exercises
Solve the puzzle by following your search horizontally and vertically to find the hidden answers.
(i)
Natural endowments in the form of land, water, vegetation and minerals.
(ii)
A type of non-renewable resource.
(iii)
Soil with high water retaining capacity.
(iv)
Intensively leached soils of the monsoon climate.
(v)
Plantation of trees on a large scale to check soil erosion.
(vi)
The Great Plains of India are made up of these soils.
Solution
The solutions to the puzzle are as follows:
(i)
MINERALS (Horizontal)
(ii)
MINERALS (Horizontal)
(iii)
BLACK (Vertical)
(iv)
LATERITE (Horizontal)
(v)
AFFORESTATION (Horizontal)
(vi)
ALLUVIAL (Note: This word is the correct answer based on the chapter content, but it does not appear to be present in the provided puzzle grid.)