Mineral and Energy ResourcesClass 12 India - People And Economy NCERT Solutions
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Solution 1 of 3
Q1EXERCISES
Choose the right answers of the following from the given options.
(i)
In which one of the following States are the major oil fields located?
(a)
Assam
(b)
Bihar
(c)
Rajasthan
(d)
Tamil Nadu
(ii)
At which one of the following places was the first atomic power station started?
(a)
Kalpakkam
(b)
Narora
(c)
Rana Pratap Sagar
(d)
Tarapur
(iii)
Which one of the following is non-renewable source of energy?
(a)
Hydel
(b)
Solar
(c)
Thermal
(d)
Wind power
Solution
(i) (a) Assam
Explanation: The source material states that in Assam, Digboi, Naharkatiya, and Moran are important oil-producing areas. Digboi was the only oil-producing region in India until 1956.
(ii) (d) Tarapur
Explanation: The text lists important nuclear power projects, including Tarapur in Maharashtra. Historically, the Tarapur Atomic Power Station was the first commercial nuclear power station built in India, which aligns with the information in the chapter.
(iii) (c) Thermal
Explanation: The chapter states that mineral fuels like coal, petroleum, and natural gas are conventional and exhaustible sources of energy. Thermal power is generated using coal, making it a non-renewable source. Hydel, solar, and wind power are mentioned as renewable or non-conventional sources.
Q2EXERCISES
Answer the following questions in about 30 words.
(i)
Give an account of the distribution of mica in India.
(ii)
What is nuclear power? Mention the important nuclear power stations in India.
(iii)
Name non-ferrous metal. Discuss their spatial distribution.
(vi)
What are non-conventional sources of energy?
Solution
(i) Distribution of Mica in India:
Mica in India is primarily found in three main belts:
- Jharkhand: High-quality mica is obtained in the lower Hazaribagh plateau.
- Andhra Pradesh: Nellore district is known for producing the best quality mica.
- Rajasthan: A mica belt extends from Jaipur to Bhilwara and around Udaipur. Minor deposits also occur in Karnataka, Tamil Nadu, West Bengal, and Madhya Pradesh.
(ii) Nuclear Power and Power Stations:
Nuclear power is a form of energy generated from minerals like uranium and thorium. The Atomic Energy Commission of India was established in 1948 to develop this energy source.
The important nuclear power stations in India mentioned in the text are:
- Tarapur (Maharashtra)
- Rawatbhata (Rajasthan)
- Kalpakkam (Tamil Nadu)
- Narora (Uttar Pradesh)
- Kaiga (Karnataka)
- Kakarapara (Gujarat)
(iii) Non-Ferrous Metals and their Distribution:
Two important non-ferrous metals discussed in the chapter are Bauxite and Copper.
- Bauxite: Odisha is the largest producer, with major deposits in Kalahandi, Sambalpur, Bolangir, and Koraput. Other major producers are Jharkhand (Lohardaga), Gujarat (Bhavanagar, Jamnagar), Chhattisgarh (Amarkantak plateau), and Madhya Pradesh (Katni-Jabalpur).
- Copper: Major deposits occur in Singhbhum district (Jharkhand), Balaghat district (Madhya Pradesh), and Jhunjhunu and Alwar districts (Rajasthan).
(vi) Non-Conventional Sources of Energy:
Non-conventional energy sources are renewable resources that are more equitably distributed and environment-friendly. These include solar, wind, hydro, geothermal, and biomass energy. They are considered sustainable alternatives to exhaustible fossil fuels and are expected to provide cheaper energy in the long run.
Q3EXERCISES
Answer the following questions in about 150 words.
(i)
Write a detailed note on the Petroleum resources of India.
(ii)
Write an essay on hydel power in India.
Solution
(i) Petroleum Resources of India:
Petroleum, also known as liquid gold, is a crucial energy source for transport and a raw material for various petrochemical industries. In India, petroleum is found in sedimentary rocks of the tertiary period.
Distribution:
- Assam: It is the oldest oil-producing state in India, with Digboi, Naharkatiya, and Moran being the important oilfields.
- Gujarat: Major oilfields include Ankaleshwar, Kalol, Mehsana, Nawagam, Kosamba, and Lunej.
- Mumbai High: Located 160 km off the Mumbai coast in the Arabian Sea, this is a significant offshore oilfield discovered in 1973.
- New Reserves: New oil and natural gas deposits have been located in the Krishna-Godavari and Kaveri basins on the east coast.
Refining:
Crude oil extracted from wells contains impurities and needs to be refined. India has two types of refineries:
- Field-based: Located close to the source of crude oil, for example, the Digboi refinery.
- Market-based: Located near the markets where petroleum products are consumed, for example, the Barauni refinery. Systematic exploration and production of petroleum in India began after the establishment of the Oil and Natural Gas Commission (ONGC) in 1956, which significantly expanded the country's oil map.
(ii) Essay on Hydel Power in India:
The provided source material for the chapter 'Mineral and Energy Resources' does not contain sufficient information to write a detailed 150-word essay on hydel power in India. The text primarily focuses on mineral resources, fossil fuels, and other non-conventional sources like solar, wind, and geothermal energy. While 'hydel' is mentioned as a non-renewable source of energy in one of the multiple-choice questions (likely a typographical error, as it is renewable) and 'hydro' is listed as a non-conventional source, there are no details about its potential, major projects, distribution of dams, or its contribution to India's energy sector. Therefore, based solely on the given text, a comprehensive essay on this topic cannot be constructed.