Self and PersonalityClass 12 Psychology Assertion & Reason Questions

Assertion (A): The ego works by the reality principle, often directing the id towards more appropriate ways of behaving.

Reason (R): The ego grows out of the id and seeks to satisfy an individual's instinctual needs in accordance with reality.

Assertion (A): Karen Horney argued that psychological disorders were primarily caused by disturbed interpersonal relationships during childhood.

Reason (R): According to Horney, when parents' behaviour toward a child is indifferent, discouraging, or erratic, a feeling called basic anxiety results, which is the root of later psychological problems.

Assertion (A): Alfred Adler believed that overcoming feelings of inadequacy is essential for optimal personality development.

Reason (R): In Adler's view, every individual suffers from feelings of inadequacy and guilt, i.e., an inferiority complex, which arises from childhood.